Large-eddy simulations of the flow past a bluff-body with active flow control based on trapped vortex cells at Re = 50000

Particle separation mechanisms in suspension-feeding fishes: key questions and future directions

“…Subsequently, these were identified as trapped vortices that are generated because the GRs form a series of backward-facing steps in crossflow (Sanderson et al, 2016; also referred to as captive vortices, Divi et al, 2018). While these vortices appear similar to the trapped vortices used as flow control in aerodynamics and hydrodynamics (e.g., Lysenko et al, 2023), the proposed functions of the vortices for particle separation in SF fishes are unique because the trapped vortices are located in the slots (i.e., elongated gaps) between GRs rather than being located inside grooves with a solid floor (Sanderson et al, 2016). Cheer et al (2006Cheer et al ( , 2012 reported that the recirculating flow in the vortices partially blocked the flow of water between the GRs by preventing flow from exiting directly downstream of each GR.…”