Large intestinal fermentation capacity of fattening pigs on organic farms as measured <i>in vitro</i> using contrasting substrates

Sappok, Maria; Pellikaan, W.F.; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Bosch, G.; Sundrum, Albert; Hendriks, W.H.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.6075

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The faecal microbiota of the animals in both treatments had similar fermentation capacity for highly fermentable substrates but differed for slow fermentable substrate cellulose. The OMCV and C values presented here are within the range of values found in other studies (Bauer et al, 2001;Bindelle et al, 2007;Sappok et al, 2013a and2013b). R max values observed in the latter studies ranged from 55 to 70 ml/h for oligofructose and soya pectin, which is only slightly lower compared to the R max values obtained using the faeces from the animals on a high fibre diet in the present study (84.1 and 71.7 ml/h).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For the fermentation of cellulose, the average R max values in these studies Table 5 Relative abundance (%) of genus-like phylogenetic groups of faecal microbiota (relative contribution > 1%) for the two dietary treatment groups high-low (n = 3) and low-high (n = 3) over a 19-day period after a dietary change 1 (Bauer et al, 2001;Bindelle et al, 2007;Sappok et al, 2013a) ranged between 14 and 19 ml/h compared to an average value of 12.9 ml/h found here for the LH-treatment, but were similar to values found for the HL-treatment (16.4 ml/h). Concentrations of SCFA were relatively similar compared to previous studies (Bauer et al, 2001;Sappok et al, 2013b) for all substrates. The significant difference in gas production found across days of adaptation for oligofructose and soya pectin occurred mainly due to a decreased OMCV over time for the LH-treatment, which was also reflected in a decreased SCFA concentration for soya pectin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A reason for this observation could be that microbiota from animals in the LH-treatment had an overall lower capacity to ferment cellulose or were not fully adapted yet. It is known from previous studies (Sappok et al, 2013a and2013b) that the capacity of pigs to ferment fibre can vary between inocula up to 25% in terms of R max . Previous studies have shown that adaptation of microbiota in the large intestine to fibre can take over 86 days in terms of cellulase activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diet low in fibre (L) consisted of the standard compound feed (Table 1), which was designed to meet the maintenance energy requirements of non-pregnant sows. The diet high in fibre (H) consisted of a daily amount of the standard compound feed to meet 70% of the energy maintenance requirement of non-pregnant sows (calculated as 0.7% of BW; CVB, 2010) supplemented with 3 kg of fresh grass silage (estimated 60% NSP/DM; Sappok et al, 2013b). The daily feed/silage provided a contrast in the fibre intake by sows with the reduction in the amount of compound feed offered implemented to ensure a high intake of grass silage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity

Sappok

Gutiérrez

Smidt

et al. 2015

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vitro gas production studies are routinely used to assess the metabolic capacity of intestinal microbiota to ferment dietary fibre sources. The faecal inocula used during the in vitro gas production procedure are most often obtained from animals adapted to a certain diet. The present study was designed to assess whether 19 days of adaptation to a diet are sufficient for faecal inocula of pigs to reach a stable microbial composition and activity as determined by in vitro gas production. Eighteen multiparous sows were allotted to one of two treatments for three weeks: a diet high in fibre (H) or a diet low in fibre (L). After this 3-week period, the H group was transferred to the low fibre diet (HL-treatment) while the L group was transferred to the diet high in fibre (LH-treatment). Faecal samples were collected from each sow at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 days after the diet change and prepared as inoculum used for incubation with three contrasting fermentable substrates: oligofructose, soya pectin and cellulose. In addition, inocula were characterised using a phylogenetic microarray targeting the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Time after diet change had an effect ( P < 0.05) on total gas production for the medium-fast fermentable substrates; soya pectin and oligofructose. For the more slowly fermentable cellulose, all measured fermentation parameters were consistently higher ( P < 0.05) for animals in the HL-treatment. Diet changes led to significant changes in relative abundance of specific bacteria, especially for members of the Bacteroidetes and Bacilli, which, respectively, increased or decreased for the LH-treatment, while changes were opposite for the HL-treatment. Changing the diet of sows led to changes in fermentation activity of the faecal microbiota and in composition of the microbiota over time. Adaptation of the microbiota as assessed by gas production occurred faster for LH-animals for fast fermentable substrates compared with HL-animals. Overall, adaptation of the large intestinal microbiota of sows as a result of ingestion of low and high fibre diets seems to take longer than 19 days, especially for the ability to ferment slowly fermentable substrates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity

Sappok

Gutiérrez

Smidt

et al. 2015

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the use of this procedure with substrates with low or even no content of starch and protein could limit this effect. In addition, donors' diet has been shown to influence the in vitro gas production and substrate degradability in pigs and ruminants (Bindelle et al, 2007a,b;Mateos et al, 2013;Sappok et al, 2013), but information on the effects of donors' diet on in vitro caecal fermentation in rabbits is very limited (Rodríguez-Romero et al, 2011). The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro caecal fermentation of four carbohydrate-rich substrates as influenced by the pre-digestion process and donors' diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro caecal fermentation of carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs in rabbits as affected by substrate pre-digestion and donors' diet

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of substrate pre-digestion and donors' diet on in vitro caecal fermentation of different substrates in rabbits was investigated. Eight crossbreed rabbits were fed 2 experimental diets containing either low (LSF; 84.0 g/kg dry matter [DM]) or high soluble fibre (HSF; 130 g/kg DM) levels. In vitro incubations were conducted using batch cultures with soft faeces as inoculum and four fibrous or fibre-derived, lowstarch and low-protein substrates: D-cellobiose (CEL), sugar beet pectin (PEC), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and wheat straw (WS). Substrates in half of the cultures were subjected to a 2-step pepsin/pancreatin in vitro digestion without filtration, and the whole residue (soluble, insoluble and added enzymes) was incubated at 39°C. Gas production was measured until 144 h, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production at 24 h incubation was determined. Cultures without substrate (blanks) were included to correct gas production values for gas released from endogenous substrates and added enzymes. Pre-digestion had no influence on in vitro gas production kinetic of WS, and only reduced the time before gas production begins (lag time; by 31%; P=0.042) for SBP, but for both substrates the pre-digestion decreased the molar proportion of acetate (by 9%; P≤0.003) and increased those of propionate and butyrate (P≤0.014). For CEL, the pre-digestion increased the gas and total VFA production (by 30 and 114%), shortened the lag time (by 32%), and only when it was combined with LSF inoculum 38 percentage units of acetate were replaced by butyrate (P≤0.039). Treatments had a minor influence on in vitro fermentation traits of SBP pectin. The results showed that the pre-digestion process influenced the in vitro caecal fermentation in rabbits, but the effects were influenced by donors' diet and the incubated substrate. Pre-digestion of substrate is recommended before conducting in vitro caecal fermentations. The level of soluble fibre in the donors' diet also influenced the in vitro caecal fermentation, but its effect depended on the type of substrate.

show abstract

Effect of increasing inclusion rates of tofu by-product in diets of growing pigs on nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from manure

Nguyen

Than

et al. 2020

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To reduce competition with human-edible feed resources, it is of interest to incorporate by-products from the food industry in animal feeds. The current research investigated the effect of including increasing amounts of tofu by-product (TF) in practical pig diets on animal performance, nitrogen balance and ammonia emissions from manure. Two experiments were conducted including a control diet without TF, containing 160 g/kg dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and three diets including 122, 246 and 360 g TF/kg DM (TF122, TF246 and TF360, respectively) to reach 220, 280 and 360 g/kg NSP. All diets had the same level of CP and protein digestible in the small intestine which particularly was realized by replacing rice bran with TF. Animal performance was assessed in a first experiment with 40 growing barrows with initial BW of 26.6 ± 1.80 kg (M ± SD) being allocated to the 4 treatments, during 2 growth phases (i.e. until 50 kg BW and from 50 to 80 kg BW). In the growth phase until 50 kg, feed intake and average daily gain (ADG) were linearly reduced by dietary TF inclusion, while this negative impact disappeared during the second growth phase (50 to 80 kg BW). Tofu by-product inclusion even positively affected the feed conversion ratio during this second growth phase (3.4 to 2.7 kg feed/kg ADG for 0 to 360 g/kg dietary TF). Over the entire growth period, performance and feed intake were negatively affected at the highest dietary TF level. Experiment 2 was conducted to assess digestibility, nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from manure. For this purpose, 16 pigs with BW of 62.8 ± 3.6 kg (M ± SD) were assigned to either 1 of the 4 treatments. There was no difference in total tract apparent digestibility of dietary organic matter or CP, while NDF digestibility increased with increasing TF level, suggesting increasing importance of the hindgut fermentation when digesting diets with increasing TF levels. Nevertheless, this was not reflected in increasing levels of faecal volatile fatty acids or purines, nor in reduced manure pH. As a result, ammonia emission from slurry was not reduced through dietary TF inclusion, despite the linear decrease in urinary nitrogen. In conclusion, TF can be included in pigs’ diets up to an inclusion rate of 25% without risk of impaired animal performance; however, this dietary strategy fails to mitigate ammonia emission from slurry.

show abstract

Large intestinal fermentation capacity of fattening pigs on organic farms as measured in vitro using contrasting substrates

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity

Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity

In vitro caecal fermentation of carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs in rabbits as affected by substrate pre-digestion and donors' diet

Effect of increasing inclusion rates of tofu by-product in diets of growing pigs on nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from manure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About