Large mothers produce progeny with high survival rates during the immature stage and large sizes at adulthood in a parasitoid species

Herlin, Weri; Yoshimura, Hideto; Yamada, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1007/s00114-019-1648-3

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The collection site of the second ovipositing females was incorporated in the model as a random factor (stratum) when possible, which was often impossible owing to the small sample sizes. Not incorporating the random factor did not appear to cause a serious problem because the effects of the collection site were not detected in the analysis of the survival rates under single parasitism (Herlin et al 2019).…”

Section: Methods Of Testing Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of the survival rates was limited to superparasitism, in which both the first and second offspring were males; this was done to avoid the effects of sex difference in the survival under single parasitism and competitive strength on survival under superparasitism (Godfray 1994). As most first and second eggs were identified as males (Herlin et al 2019), the cases in which the first or second offspring were females were not analyzed. In total, 46, 36, and 65 self superparasitized and 34, 41, and 52 conspecifically superparasitized hosts were analyzed for survival rates under oviposition intervals of 0, 1, and 24 h, respectively.…”

Section: Parasitism and Superparasitism Boutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasitoid females lay one egg per oviposition under the wing bud of the host [see Yamada & Imai (2000) for oviposition behavior], and the immature larvae remain and develop at the oviposition location until leaving the host to spin cocoons; thus, the distinction between the first and second offspring under superparasitism is readily possible. The parasitized hosts continue to feed on their host plant but do not molt into the next instar, suggesting that the host physiology is regulated by some agents released by the ovipositing female or the immature parasitoid (Herlin et al 2019); it also suggests that host resources available to the immature parasitoid are primarily, to some extent, determined by the host instar at the time of parasitoid oviposition. When superparasitism occurs on different sides of a fifth-instar host, while holding the host after catching and lifting it, the female often moves her abdominal tip toward the non-oviposition (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large E. fairchildii mothers ensure high survival rates of their offspring under single parasitism (Herlin et al 2019). Thus, the size of the ovipositing females may affect the survival of the first and second offspring under superparasitism; however, there are no empirical studies that have addressed the effects of the sizes of both ovipositing females on the outcome of superparasitism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the size of the ovipositing females may affect the survival of the first and second offspring under superparasitism; however, there are no empirical studies that have addressed the effects of the sizes of both ovipositing females on the outcome of superparasitism. Furthermore, Herlin et al (2019) hypothesized that some agents, which are involved in ovipositing female size effect, especially those regulating host physiology, are released by the ovipositing females or their offspring in E. fairchildii. As no agents are released by the first offspring when it is killed by probing, by comparing superparasitism with and without probing, we can determine whether the ovipositing female or the second offspring releases these agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival rates of the first and second offspring of Echthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) under self and conspecific superparasitism: The effects of body size of ovipositing females

Herlin

Yoshimura

Yamada

2021

Entomological Science

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The effects of ovipositing female body size on the survival of the first and second offspring under self and conspecific superparasitism have not been determined. Here, we report the importance of the body size of ovipositing females for three intervals (0, 1, and 24 h) between first and second ovipositions using a semisolitary ectoparasitoid, Echthrodelphax fairchildii, and fourth-instar nymphs of its host, the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. We addressed the case in which the first and second parasitoid eggs were laid on different sides of the same host. The second ovipositing female killed the previous offspring using the sting, but when the oviposition intervals were 0 and 1 h, the elimination was unprofitable because both offspring often emerged under non-probing superparasitism. The survival rate of the second offspring decreased with increasing oviposition intervals under non-probing superparasitism, whereas that of the first offspring was independent of oviposition intervals. Under non-probing superparasitism, the survival rates of the first and second offspring were higher under conspecific superparasitism than under self superparasitism, especially when the first and/or second ovipositing females were small. Large mothers ensured high survival rates of their offspring under non-probing superparasitism, except the survival rate of the second offspring under conspecific superparasitism, which was negatively associated with the first female's size. Thus, the first offspring from small mothers were likely to lose the competition to the second offspring. Under probing superparasitism, the second offspring survival rate was positively associated with the mother's size, suggesting that offspring, not ovipositing females, release agents affecting the mother-size effect.

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Section: Methods Of Testing Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasitism and Superparasitism Boutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival rates of the first and second offspring of Echthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) under self and conspecific superparasitism: The effects of body size of ovipositing females

Herlin

Yoshimura

Yamada

2021

Entomological Science

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A review of the biology of the pincer wasps (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)

2023

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Because of their frequency, abundance, and unique morphological and biological traits, the Dryinidae (pincer wasps) are among the most important parasitoids of nymphs and adults of Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha. This contribution offers a summary of the knowledge about the main biological characteristics of the Dryinidae gained over more than 130 years. Among other topics, the information provided covers the interactions with their hosts and other organisms, as well as their development, behaviour, natural enemies and economic importance.

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Effect of maternal age on primary and secondary sex ratios in the ectoparasitoid wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae

Gong

Chen

et al. 2022

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Sex allocation is defined as the allocation of resources to produce male and female offspring during reproduction, and it is an important topic in evolutionary biology. As organisms with special haplo-diploid sex determination, parasitoid wasps are particularly suited for the study of sex allocation. However, most studies focused on the secondary sex ratio (i.e., the eclosion sex ratio) because the oviposition ratio (the primary sex ratio) is difficult to study, especially in parasitoid species. The primary sex ratio may differ from the secondary sex ratio due to larval mortality and self-superparasitism.The present study used microsatellites to explore the effects of female age on the primary and secondary sex ratio (male proportion) of the solitary ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The primary sex ratio showed a significant decreasing trend as the oviposition days increased, and the secondary sex ratio significantly increased. Self-superparasitism, i.e., laying more than one egg in a host, was the cause of the variation in the secondary sex ratio in P. vindemmiae. When females practiced self-superparasitism, they tended to lay female eggs. The application of microsatellites helped explore and improve the understanding of the primary sex ratio and self-superparasitism in this ectoparasitoid species.

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Large mothers produce progeny with high survival rates during the immature stage and large sizes at adulthood in a parasitoid species

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Survival rates of the first and second offspring of Echthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) under self and conspecific superparasitism: The effects of body size of ovipositing females

Survival rates of the first and second offspring of Echthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) under self and conspecific superparasitism: The effects of body size of ovipositing females

A review of the biology of the pincer wasps (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)

Effect of maternal age on primary and secondary sex ratios in the ectoparasitoid wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae

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