Large multi-locus plastid phylogeny of the tribe Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) reveals ten major lineages and low rate of molecular divergence

V. Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss. (1893)

“…This species is placed in an uncertain position in molecular analyses Zeng et al 2010;Zhang et al 2012), and may be in a clade sister to all other Arundinarieae. It was formerly placed in Thamnocalamus but is clearly misclassified there.…”

“…An additional confounding factor is the slow rate of molecular evolution, presumably caused by the very long generation time of most bamboos. Thus, even very well sampled molecular phylogenies such as those of and Zeng et al (2010) often provide only weak hints of phylogenetic history. Finally, all woody bamboos appear to be polyploid (e.g., Stebbins 1971Stebbins , 1985Triplett et al 2014).…”

“…Rather than recognize subtribes in Arundinarieae, I have followed the work of , Zeng et al (2010), and Zhang et al (2012) and simply listed major clades. Even with large amounts of molecular data, relationships within the tribe are poorly resolved (Burke et al 2012;Ma et al 2014).…”

“…It was formerly placed in Thamnocalamus but is clearly misclassified there. Bergbambos may be sister to the Sri Lankan Kuruna (Attigala et al 2014), or to Indocalamus wilsonii (Zeng et al 2010). Culms 15 (À20) m tall, erect to nodding.…”

“…alpina was originally described in Yushania but is clearly unrelated to the Asian members of that genus (Zeng et al 2010). Yushania ambositrensis and possibly all Madagascan Arundinaria species may also belong to Oldeania, based on phylogenetic results from Chimonocalamus is generally monophyletic in molecular analyses Yang et al 2013;Zhang et al 2012), but some species of Chimonocalamus have acquired chloroplasts from species in the Phyllostachys clade, indicating intergeneric hybridization .…”