Large optical Stark shifts in semiconductor quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal cavities

Bose, Ranojoy; Sridharan, Deepak; Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo

doi:10.1063/1.3571446

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A number of works have reported a bare cavity Q in GaAs photonic crystal cavities exceeding 250,000 43,44 , which could potentially enable both efficient on-chip coupling and high cooperativity. Employing regulated quantum dot growth techniques 45,46 in conjunction with local frequency tuning 47 could further open up the possibility to integrate multiple switches on a single semiconductor chip. Ultimately, solid-state quantum phase switches could play an important role in scaling semiconductor quantum devices to more complex quantum systems for applications in quantum networking, computation, and simulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample excitation and collection was performed with a confocal microscope using an objective lens with numerical aperture of 0.68. The optimal coupling efficiency for this configuration was measured to be 1% by measuring the Stark shift of the quantum dot under cavity-resonant excitation 47 . The polarization of the incident light and collected signals were set by a quarter-wave plate and a polarizer, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

et al. 2016

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Strong interactions between single spins and photons are essential for quantum networks and distributed quantum computation. They provide the necessary interface for entanglement distribution, non-destructive quantum measurements, and strong photon-photon interactions.Achieving spin-photon interactions in a solid-state device could enable compact chip-integrated quantum circuits operating at gigahertz bandwidths. Many theoretical works have suggested using spins embedded in nanophotonic structures to attain this high-speed interface. These proposals exploit strong light-matter interactions to implement a quantum switch, where the spin flips the state of the photon and a photon flips the spin-state. However, such a switch has not yet been realized using a solid-state spin system. Here, we report an experimental realization of a spin-photon quantum switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity.We show that the spin-state strongly modulates the cavity reflection coefficient, which conditionally flips the polarization state of a reflected photon on picosecond timescales. We also demonstrate the complementary effect where a single photon reflected from the cavity coherently rotates the spin. These strong spin-photon interactions open up a promising direction for solidstate implementations of high-speed quantum networks and on-chip quantum information processors using nanophotonic devices. In this article we report an experimental demonstration of a quantum phase switch using a single solid-state spin embedded in a nanophotonic cavity. We implement this switch using a spin trapped in a charged quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal defect cavity. We show that the switch applies a spin-dependent phase shift on a reflected photon that rotates its polarization state. We also demonstrate the complementary effect where a single reflected photon applies a  phase shift to one of the spin-states and thereby coherently rotates the spin. These results demonstrate that the quantum switch retains phase coherence, an essential requirement for quantum information applications. We demonstrate switching of photon wavepackets as short as 63 ps, which corresponds to a three orders of magnitude increase in bandwidth over atom-based quantum switches. Our work represents a critical step towards interconnecting multiple solidstate spins using photons for implementing quantum networks and distributed quantum information protocols. Figure 1a The quantum phase switch allows one qubit to conditionally switch the quantum state of the other qubit. We consider the case where the polarization state of the photon encodes quantum information. Since photonic crystal cavities have a single mode with a well-defined polarization, we can express the state of a photon incident on the cavity in the basis states x and y , which denote the polarization states oriented orthogonal and parallel to the cavity mode respectively. OPERATING PRINCIPLEThe quantum state of a right-circularly polarized incident p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

et al. 2016

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“…The crystat cools the sample down to 3.6 K, while the magnet can apply magnetic fields of up to 9.2 T. We excite the sample and collect the reflected signal using a confocal microscope with an objective lens that has a numerical aperture of 0.8. We measure the collection efficiency of the objective lens to be 4.4% using the Stark shift of the quantum dot under cavity resonant excitation [90]. A single mode fiber spatially filters the collected signal to remove spurious surface reflection.…”

Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample excitation and collection is performed with a confocal microscope using an objective lens with numerical aperture of 0.68. The coupling efficiency for this configuration is measured to be 1% by measuring the Stark shift of the quantum dot under cavity-resonant excitation [90].…”

Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuning compensates for spectral mismatch between the quantum dot exciton energy and the cavity resonant frequency, and also provides control over the interaction strength between the two systems. The quantum dot exciton energy can be tuned by various means such as changing the sample temperature [34,38], applying an AC Stark shift [90], utilizing the quantum confined Stark effect [139], or applying a magnetic field [140][141][142].…”

Section: Qed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanophotonic Quantum Interface for a Single Solid-state Spin

Sun

Kim

Solomon

et al. 2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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The ability to store and transmit quantum information plays a central role in virtually all quantum information processing applications. Single spins serve as pristine quantum memories whereas photons are ideal carriers of quantum information. Strong interactions between these two systems provide the necessary interface for developing future quantum networks and distributed quantum computers.They also enable a broad range of critical quantum information functionalities such as entanglement distribution, non-destructive quantum measurements and strong photon-photon interactions. Realizing spin-photon interactions in a solid-state device is particularly desirable because it opens up the possibility of chip-integrated quantum circuits that support gigahertz bandwidth operation.In this thesis, I demonstrate a nanophotonic quantum interface between a single solid-state spin and a photon, and explore its applications in quantum information processing. First, we experimentally realize a spin-photon quantum phase switch based on a strongly coupled quantum dot and photonic crystal cavity system. This device enables coherent light-matter interactions at the fundamental limit, where a single spin controls the polarization of a photon and a single photon flips the spin state. Furthermore, we theoretically propose a way to deterministically generate spin-photon entanglement based on the spin-photon quantum interface, which is an important step towards solid-state implementations of quantum repeaters and quantum networks. Next, we show both theoretically and experimentally, a new method to optically read out a solid-state spin based on the same cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system. This new method achieves significant improvement in spin readout fidelity over typical approaches using fluorescence light detection.In the end, we report efforts to realize tunable and robust quantum dot based cavity QED systems. We present a technique for tuning the frequency of a quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity by applying strain. This tuning technique enables us to accurately control the detuning between a quantum dot and a cavity without affecting other emission properties of the dot, which is essential for lots of applications associated with cavity QED systems, including non-classical light generation, photon blockade, single photon level optical switch, and also our major focus, the spin-photon quantum interface.

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Interfacing Single Quantum Dot Spins with Photons Using a Nanophotonic Cavity

Sun

Waks

2017

Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Technologies

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Large optical Stark shifts in semiconductor quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal cavities

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

A quantum phase switch between a single solid-state spin and a photon

Nanophotonic Quantum Interface for a Single Solid-state Spin

Interfacing Single Quantum Dot Spins with Photons Using a Nanophotonic Cavity

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