Large Piezoelectric Coefficient in (Ba_1−xCa_x)(Ti_0.96Sn_0.04)O₃ Lead‐Free Ceramics

Abstract

Lead-free (Ba 1Àx Ca x )(Ti 0.96 Sn 0.04 )O 3 (BCST) (x = 0-0.04) ceramics were prepared using solid-state reaction technique. At room temperature, a polymorphic phase transition from orthorhombic phase to tetragonal phase was identified in the composition range of 0.01x 0.03. Extremely high piezoelectric coefficient of d 33 = 510 pC/N and high planar electromechanical coupling factor of k p = 48% were obtained for the BCST ceramics at x = 0.02. These results indicate that the BCSTs are promising candidates for the widely used lead-based piezoelectric materials.

Enhanced temperature stability in Tb-doped (Ba0.99Ca0.01)(Ti0.98Zr0.02)O3 lead free ceramics

“…1(b) to detect difference among these samples. It can be seen that peak intensity in the right side becomes stronger with increasing Tb content, which confirms that a composition-dependent phase evolution from orthorhombic to tetragonal phase has happened [21,22]. In addition, it is known that for stable trivalent ions, small ion (ro0.87 Å) would occupy B-site, large ion would occupy A-site (r40.94 Å), and intermediate ion could occupy both A-site and B-site [23,24].…”

Effect of LiF addition on phase structure and piezoelectric properties of (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O3 ceramics sintered at low temperature

“…1a) and low measured density and relative density of 4.66 g/cm 3 and 78% ( Fig. 1 h), confirming that dense BCTS ceramic is difficult to be obtained below 1250 ƕ C since the densification T S has so far been reported to be 1450-1540 ƕ C. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] After adding LiF, a developed dense microstructure with enlarged grains of 5-20 ȝm (Fig. 1b-f) and high relative density over 90% (Fig.…”

“…At present, the highest d 33 reaches 697 pC/N in BaTiO 3 -11BaSnO 3 ceramic at 40 ƕ C. [12] Outstanding piezoelectric properties of these BCTS ceramics are owing to coexisting two or more phases, which can lead to the instability of the polarization state that makes the polarization direction easily rotated by external stress or electric field. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Despite of their high piezoelectric properties, dense BaTiO 3 -based ceramics must be sintered at high temperature of 1400-1500 °C, which impedes practical applications. It is well known that LiF and LiF-containing additives 3 are very effective in lowering sintering temperature (T S ) and improving density for BaTiO 3 ceramic.…”

Dielectric, Piezoelectric, and Vibration Properties of the LiF-Doped (Ba0.95Ca0.05)(Ti0.93Sn0.07)O3 Lead-Free Piezoceramic Sheets

“…Zhu et al [24] and other authors [25,26,27] have recently reported that the (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O 3 ceramics with high d 33 values are promising candidates for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. However, it is not easy to find balance between lowering the sintering temperature and maintaining good piezoelectricity.…”