Large scale additive manufacturing of eco-composites

Horta, J.F.; Simões, Fábio J.P.; Mateus, Artur

doi:10.1007/s12289-017-1364-5

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Horta et al, (2017) so na robotsko roko pritrdili prirejen ekstrudor, ki z mešanico odpadnega HDPE in žagovine lahko tiska tudi večje izdelke. Podobni sistemi z različnimi tehnikami tiska in krmiljenja tiskalne glave npr.…”

Section: Slika 7 Ukrivljanje 3d-tiskanega Elementa Z Lesnimi Delci Sunclassified

Možnosti uporabe lesa v dodajalnih tehnologijah (3D-tiskanju)

Kariž¹,

Šernek²,

Kuzman³

2017

les-wood

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Keywords: 3D printing, additive technology, wood, wood residues, wood-plastic composites niku prilagojeni izdelki. Veliko razvoja je bilo narejenega na samih tehnikah kot tudi materialih. Ob nižanju cen 3D-tiskalnikov na trgu so le-ti postali dostopnejši tudi za vsakdanjo domačo uporabo tiskanja. Že število iskanj termina »3D printing« na Google pokaže izrazit porast: od leta 2007 do 2015 se je število iskanj tega termina 25-krat povečalo (Wimmer et al., 2015).Osnovni princip dodajalnih tehnologij je grajenje izdelka po plasteh ali slojih, z dodajanjem materiala v slojih, za razliko od klasičnih obdelovalnih tehnik, kjer izdelek običajno izdelamo z odvzemanjem materiala (odrezovalne tehnike), preoblikovanjem materiala (npr. litje, kovanje) ali pa povezovanjem (varjenje, pritrjevanje) (Conner et al., 2014). Izdelava modelov s 3D-tiskanjem je razmeroma enostavna, saj digitalnemu modelu izdelka z ustreznim programom omogočimo razrez STL/AMF/OBJ datotek na tiskalne plasti, ki določijo 3D-tiskalniku pot, ki jo mora opraviti do celovitega končnega izdelka. Pri izdelovanju z odvzemanjem materiala orodje vedno potrebuje prosto UVOD INTRODUCTIONDodajalne tehnologije (ang. additive technologies) je izraz za vrsto različnih tehnik izdelave, katerim je skupno grajenje izdelka po plasteh/slojih. Pogovorno se te tehnologije pogosto imenuje kar 3D-tiskanje, kar izhaja iz ene prvih tehnik, kjer je bilo vezivo nanašano na podoben način kot pri običaj-nem 2D-tiskanju -brizganje tekočine iz posebnih kartuš (v primeru 3D-tiska -brizganje tekočega veziva na plast praškastega materiala). Nekoč pogost izraz je bil tudi hitro prototipiranje (ang. Rapid prototyping), čemur je bila ta tehnika prvotno namenjena -hitri izdelavi prototipov, vendar se ta izraz vse manj uporablja, saj tudi izdelki niso več samo prototipi, ampak lahko služijo tudi kot pravi izdelki, unikatni, maloserijski, ali pa individualno posamez-1 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za lesarstvo,

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Section: Slika 7 Ukrivljanje 3d-tiskanega Elementa Z Lesnimi Delci Sunclassified

Možnosti uporabe lesa v dodajalnih tehnologijah (3D-tiskanju)

Kariž¹,

Šernek²,

Kuzman³

2017

les-wood

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“…When considering more remanufacturing cycles, though, Cruz Sanchez et al [37] showed that neat PLA is very prone to material degradation, as the tensile strength of 3D-printed samples deteriorated by approximately 40% after only five remanufacturing cycles. Although plenty of studies have recently investigated the processability of complex recycled regional postconsumer waste by FFF and have even recommended the use of so-called RecycleBots [38,39,40], such as blends of polyethylene [39,41,42,43,44,45], polypropylene (PP) [44,46,47,48,49,50], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [49,50,51], acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) [49,52], poly(lactic acid) (PLA) [49,53], polystyrene (PS) [50], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [54], or polyamide (PA) [55], the effect of multiple AM and filament extrusion sequences on the processability of materials more complex than the standard FFF material PLA, which is known to be susceptible to thermal degradation [9], has not yet been studied. Moreover, neither the positive effect of thermal stabilizers on retaining mechanical strength [56] nor the degradation of a filler–matrix interface with increasing re-extrusion cycles [57] has been confirmed for advanced composites used in FFF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Recyclability of Polypropylene Composites Produced by Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2019

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Due to a lack of long-term experience with burgeoning material extrusion-based additive manufacturing technology, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), considerable amounts of expensive material will continue to be wasted until a defect-free 3D-printed component can be finalized. In order to lead this advanced manufacturing technique toward cleaner production and to save costs, this study addresses the ability to remanufacture a wide range of commercially available filaments. Most of them either tend to degrade by chain scission or crosslinking. Only polypropylene (PP)-based filaments appear to be particularly thermally stable and therefore suitable for multiple remanufacturing sequences. As the extrusion step exerts the largest influence on the material in terms of temperature and shear load, this study focused on the morphological, rheological, thermal, processing, tensile, and impact properties of a promising PP composite in the course of multiple consecutive extrusions as well as the impact of additional heat stabilizers. Even after 15 consecutive filament extrusions, the stabilized additively manufactured PP composite revealed an unaltered morphology and therefore the same tensile and impact strength as the initial material. As the viscosity of the material of the 15th extrusion was nearly identical to that of the 1st extrusion sequence, the processability both in terms of extrusion and FFF was outstanding, despite the tremendous amount of shear and thermal stress that was undergone. The present work provides key insights into one possible step toward more sustainable production through FFF.

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“…Composites such as those described above are also under study for applications on AM processes. For instance, a wood-plastic composite consisting of high-density polyethylene and sawdust was used as feedstock for a large-scale fused deposition process by Horta [28]. It was possible to produce the material by extrusion and to manufacture large-scale parts, although process parameters require further tuning.…”

Section: Sustainabilty Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Digital Manufacturing in the Context of a Circular Economy

Fonseca¹,

Simões²

2019

AMM

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Additive manufacturing technologies have evolved from prototype to part production. Coupling this shift with organizational transformations evolved rapid prototyping industry into Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) industry. Any evolution in production systems is now, more than ever before, dependent on sustainability principles. The development of the DDM industry must be guided by these principles, taking the chance it offers to change the production paradigm. Circular Economy (CE) is a shift in the production and resource management model, and one of the ways to work towards sustainability. Coupling DDM with CE principles is thus contributing to change industrial production to a more sustainable one. This paper intends to relate DDM technologies with CE principles, to identify aspects where DDM is contributing to CE, as well as aspects that should be explored further for that purpose. It is observed that DDM can enable optimization of material and energy usage, modify logistics towards de-localized production and recycling and enable prolonged lifespan of products through better access to spare parts, for instance. It is also observed that DDM has good potential to shift materials usage towards natural materials, especially in a context of consumer or local community production, but not so much within the current industrial context. Education is shown to play a pivotal role, since incorporating circular economy principles in educational contexts should spark a shift in consumer perspectives, modifying demand and hence, industrial production.

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Large scale additive manufacturing of eco-composites

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Možnosti uporabe lesa v dodajalnih tehnologijah (3D-tiskanju)

Možnosti uporabe lesa v dodajalnih tehnologijah (3D-tiskanju)

Mechanical Recyclability of Polypropylene Composites Produced by Material Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing

Direct Digital Manufacturing in the Context of a Circular Economy

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