Large-scale and high-resolution 3-D cave mapping by terrestrial laser scanning: a case study of the Domica Cave, Slovakia

Gallay, Michal; Kaňuk, Ján; Hochmuth, Zdenko; Meneely, Julie; Hofierka, Jaroslav; Sedlák, Vladimír

doi:10.5038/1827-806x.44.3.6

Cited by 64 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This paper presents new aspects of studying cave genesis facilitating the traditional 2-D geomorphometric tools and innovative 3-D methods of computer graphics. The methodology is demonstrated with the data acquired by TLS in the Domica cave, Slovakia, in 2014 (Gallay et al, 2015a). This paper also provides new evidence of the hydrological regime acting during the cave formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This technology has revolutionized cave mapping in the last decade (Canevese et al, 2009;Rüther et al, 2009;Buchroithner et al, 2011;Zlot and Bosse, 2014;Gallay et al, 2015a;Idrees and Pradhan, 2016). The scanner emits laser beams and records the reflected electromagnetic energy with a high frequency and accuracy.…”

Section: Benefits Of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Geomorphometry Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This provided favourable conditions for scanning with an infrared laser. The survey is thoroughly described and compared with other similar surveys in Gallay et al (2015a); hence we describe only the main facts. FARO Focus 3-D scanner was used to scan around 1600 m of the cave from 327 individual scanning positions within 40 h in total.…”

Section: Terrestrial Laser Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning

Gallay

Hochmuth

Kaňuk

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The change of hydrological conditions during the evolution of caves in carbonate rocks often results in a complex subterranean geomorphology, which comprises specific landforms such as ceiling channels, anastomosing half tubes, or speleothems organized vertically in different levels. Studying such complex environments traditionally requires tedious mapping; however, this is being replaced with terrestrial laser scanning technology. Laser scanning overcomes the problem of reaching high ceilings, providing new options to map underground landscapes with unprecedented level of detail and accuracy. The acquired point cloud can be handled conveniently with dedicated software, but applying traditional geomorphometry to analyse the cave surface is limited. This is because geomorphometry has been focused on parameterization and analysis of surficial terrain. The theoretical and methodological concept has been based on twodimensional (2-D) scalar fields, which are sufficient for most cases of the surficial terrain. The terrain surface is modelled with a bivariate function of altitude (elevation) and represented by a raster digital elevation model. However, the cave is a 3-D entity; therefore, a different approach is required for geomorphometric analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of high-resolution cave mapping and 3-D modelling to better understand the palaeohydrography of the Domica cave in Slovakia. This methodological approach adopted traditional geomorphometric methods in a unique manner and also new methods used in 3-D computer graphics, which can be applied to study other 3-D geomorphological forms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Benefits Of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Geomorphometry Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terrestrial Laser Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning

Gallay

Hochmuth

Kaňuk

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…According to Gallay et al (2015), mapping and modeling the complicated geometry of caves is a challenging task that has traditionally been undertaken by tacheometric surveying methods. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technologies can acquire millions of points represented by 3-D coordinates, at very high spatial densities on complex multifaceted surfaces within minutes.…”

Section: A Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Mapping of an Ancient Cave Paintings Using Close-Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technologies

Majid

Ariff

Idris

et al. 2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The paper describes the used of close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning technologies as an innovative technology for acquiring the three-dimensional data of an ancient cave paintings. The close-range photogrammetry technology used in the research was divided in two categories which are the UAV-based close-range photogrammetry and the terrestrialbased close-range photogrammetry. The UAV-based technology involved with the used of calibrated Phantom 4 System while the terrestrial-based technology involved with the calibrated Sony F828 digital camera and pPhotoModeler software. Both stereo and convergent image acquisition techniques were used to acquire the images of the paintings. The ancient cave paintings were also recorded using terrestrial laser scanning technology. In the research, the FARO Focus 3D terrestrial laser scanner was used to capture the three-dimensional point clouds and images of the paintings. The finding shows that both close-range photogrammetry and laser scanning technologies provide excellent solutions to map and to record the ancient paintings. As compared to the conventional method, both close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning technology provide a noncontact solution for data acquisition and the data was recorded in digital format for better protection and security.

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“…TLS required selection of appropriate positions of the scanner during the survey in order to minimize data shadows and total number of required positions. At the same time, it was important to ensure a sufficient overlap with the adjacent position (Gallay et al, 2015;Smith, 2016). Final mutual registration of individual point clouds was performed using the Multi-Station Adjustment implemented in the RiSCAN Pro software.…”

Section: Terrestrial Laser Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Urban Greenery Mapping for Micro-Climate Modelling Based on 3d City Models

Hofierka

Gallay

Kaňuk

et al. 2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Commission VI, WG VI/4 KEY WORDS: urban greenery, 3D city model, LiDAR, urban microclimate ABSTRACT:Urban greenery has various positive micro-climate effects including mitigation of heat islands. The primary root of heat islands in cities is in absorption of solar radiation by the mass of building structures, roads and other solid materials. The absorbed heat is subsequently re-radiated into the surroundings and increases ambient temperatures. The vegetation can stop and absorb most of incoming solar radiation mostly via the photosynthesis and evapotranspiration process. However, vegetation in mild climate of Europe manifests considerable annual seasonality which can also contribute to the seasonal change in the cooling effect of the vegetation on the urban climate. Modern methods of high-resolution mapping and new generations of sensors have brought opportunity to record the dynamics of urban greenery in a high resolution in spatial, spectral, and temporal domains. In this paper, we use the case study of the city of Košice in Eastern Slovakia to demonstrate the methodology of 3D mapping and modelling the urban greenery during one vegetation season in 2016. The purpose of this monitoring is to capture 3D effects of urban greenery on spatial distribution of solar radiation in urban environment. Terrestrial laser scanning was conducted on four selected sites within Košice in ultra-high spatial resolution. The entire study area, which included these four smaller sites, comprised 4 km 2 of the central part of the city was flown within a single airborne lidar and photogrammetric mission to capture the upper parts of buildings and vegetation. The acquired airborne data were used to generate a 3D city model and the time series of terrestrial lidar data were integrated with the 3D city model. The results show that the terrestrial and airborne laser scanning techniques can be effectively used to monitor seasonal changes in foliage of trees in order to assess the transmissivity of the canopy for microclimate modelling.

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Large-scale and high-resolution 3-D cave mapping by terrestrial laser scanning: a case study of the Domica Cave, Slovakia

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning

Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning

Three-Dimensional Mapping of an Ancient Cave Paintings Using Close-Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technologies

High-Resolution Urban Greenery Mapping for Micro-Climate Modelling Based on 3d City Models

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