Large-scale and high-resolution visualization of static mechanical properties of wood-adhesive interphase utilizing nanoindentation mapping

Xu, Chuhang; Cao, Yizhong; Chen, Haili; Nie, Yujing; Meng, Yonggang; Wu, Qiang; Wang, Siqun

doi:10.1007/s00226-022-01394-x

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As described in the report [ 28 ], the NI sample prepared by the coating was uniformly spread on the substrate, and then the polished coating was uniformly spread on the substrate by an ultra-microtome (Leica MZ6, Germany) equipped with a diamond knife. NI mapping in a recently reported methodology [ 29 ] was utilized to analyze the static mechanical properties of the wood–adhesive interphase to obtain the corresponding cartographies of the mechanical performance. An array of 30 × 30 indents was conducted with a peak force of 200 μN in a covered area of 30 × 30 μm 2 .…”

Section: Eexperimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of CNC@SiO2@PL Based Superhydrophobic Wood with Excellent Abrasion Resistance Based on Nanoindentation Analysis and Good UV Resistance

et al. 2023

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Construction of superhydrophobic woods with high abrasion resistance is still a major challenge, and micro analysis for abrasion resistance is scarce. To improve these issues, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)@SiO2@phosphorylated lignin (PL) rods were prepared by SiO2 in situ generated on CNC, and then the modified lignin attached to the CNC@SiO2 rods surface. Subsequently, the superhydrophobic coating was constructed using hydrophobic modified CNC@SiO2@PL rods as the main structural substance by simple spraying or rolling them onto wood surfaces, and both polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy resin were used as the adhesives. The resulting coating had excellent superhydrophobic properties with a water contact angle (WCA) of 157.4° and a slide angle (SA) of 6°. The introduced PL could enhance ultraviolet (UV) resistance of the coating due to the presence of these groups that absorbed UV light in lignin. In the abrasion resistance test, compared with the SiO2/PL coating, the abrasion resistance of the one with CNC was much higher, suggesting that CNC could improve the abrasion resistance of the coating due to its high crystallinity and excellent mechanical strength. The coating with PDMS performed better than the one with epoxy resin because the soft surface could offset part of the external impact by deformation in the abrasion process. This was also consistent with the results of the nanoindentation (NI) tests. In view of the simple preparation and good performance, this superhydrophobic wood will have broad application potential.

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Section: Eexperimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of CNC@SiO2@PL Based Superhydrophobic Wood with Excellent Abrasion Resistance Based on Nanoindentation Analysis and Good UV Resistance

et al. 2023

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“…These changes were attributed to the penetration of the adhesive into the porosity of the wood connector. A similar scope of research was carried out in subsequent studies [14], and the authors additionally included numerical testing in their considerations and studied Young's modulus and hardness depending on the imprint depth in the course of a nanoindentation study. Literature research papers often note differences in the material properties of the tested adhesives [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Adhesive Joint Properties

Anasiewicz,

Kuczmaszewski

2023

Materials

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This paper presents the results of a study of adhesive joints, focused on the heterogeneity of the properties of the adhesive material in the adhesive joint. The main objective of the study was to determine potential differences in the material properties of adhesive joints made with selected structural adhesives. Due to the impact of the joined material on the adhesive during the curing of the joint as well as the impact of phenomena occurring during the curing of the adhesive, the properties of the adhesive joint may vary along the thickness of the joint. Determining the differences in material properties over the thickness of the adhesive bond is important for more accurate prediction of adhesive bond strength in FEM simulations. In order to observe changes in the material properties of bonds, nanoindentation tests have been carried out on eight adhesive joint bonds made with common structural adhesives used to join sheets of aluminium alloy or corrosion-resistant steel. Basing on the achieved test results, load/unload curves were developed for imprints at characteristic spots of the joints. Distinct differences in the achieved average force value were observed for imprints located in the wall-adjacent zone and in the centre of the adhesive joint; this can be interpreted as areas of the joint with different material structures of higher or lower density of imperfections or porosities. Differences in the load/unload curves for ‘rigid’ and ‘flexible’ adhesives were analysed. The summary includes a conclusion that an adhesive joint is characterised by heterogeneous properties along its thickness.

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Disrupted cellulose aggregation leads to the reduced mechanical performance of wood–adhesive interphase during freeze–thaw cycles

Cao

et al. 2022

Cellulose

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The mechanical performance of wooden engineered composites facing the freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) arises as an attention-worthy issue since the application of timber architectures in cold climates spreads. Here, we reported an investigation to reveal the losses of the mechanical performance of the wood-phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive interphase after the FTCs. Results revealed that PF adhesive was barely affected by the FTCs due to the low moisture content and rigid networks, whereas the mechanical properties of the cell wall in wood-PF interphase reduced signi cantly (more than 30%) after 5 FTCs at -40℃. Cracks were observed in the cell wall and compound middle lamella after FTCs. Further investigation into the crystal structure of the cell wall in the wood-PF interphase demonstrated that the FTCs disrupt the aggregations of cellulose macromolecules. The stresses caused by the phase transition of free water and the external hydrogen bonds formed between water and cellulose disrupted hydrogen bond networks in the cell wall. A plausible mechanism for the FTCs reducing the mechanical properties of the wood-PF bonds can be concluded as the cracks and weakened cell walls crippled the structural integrity of the wood-PF interphase, making it a fragile and stress-concentrated site when subjected to load.

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Large-scale and high-resolution visualization of static mechanical properties of wood-adhesive interphase utilizing nanoindentation mapping

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Construction of CNC@SiO2@PL Based Superhydrophobic Wood with Excellent Abrasion Resistance Based on Nanoindentation Analysis and Good UV Resistance

Construction of CNC@SiO2@PL Based Superhydrophobic Wood with Excellent Abrasion Resistance Based on Nanoindentation Analysis and Good UV Resistance

Heterogeneity of Adhesive Joint Properties

Disrupted cellulose aggregation leads to the reduced mechanical performance of wood–adhesive interphase during freeze–thaw cycles

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