Large-Scale Extinction of Large Carnivores (Lion Panthera Leo, Cheetah Acinonyx Jubatus and Wild Dog Lycaon Pictus) in Protected Areas of West and Central Africa

Brugière, David; Chardonnet, Bertrand; Scholte, Paul

doi:10.1177/194008291500800215

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Zimbabwean cheetah population is also estimated to have declined by at least 85% between 1999 and 2015 (20), equivalent to an annual decline of 13%. Similarly, there have been recent large-scale extinctions of cheetah across western and central Africa (23,24). Ongoing rapid change is likely across the African continent because of changes in land tenure (22), large-scale fencing (25), land grabs (26), and political instability (27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global decline of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and what it means for conservation

Durant

Mitchell

Groom

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

211

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Establishing and maintaining protected areas (PAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation. However, this approach is insufficient for many species, particularly those that are wide-ranging and sparse. The cheetah Acinonyx jubatus exemplifies such a species and faces extreme challenges to its survival. Here, we show that the global population is estimated at ∼7,100 individuals and confined to 9% of its historical distributional range. However, the majority of current range (77%) occurs outside of PAs, where the species faces multiple threats. Scenario modeling shows that, where growth rates are suppressed outside PAs, extinction rates increase rapidly as the proportion of population protected declines. Sensitivity analysis shows that growth rates within PAs have to be high if they are to compensate for declines outside. Susceptibility of cheetah to rapid decline is evidenced by recent rapid contraction in range, supporting an uplisting of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List threat assessment to endangered. Our results are applicable to other protection-reliant species, which may be subject to systematic underestimation of threat when there is insufficient information outside PAs. Ultimately, conserving many of these species necessitates a paradigm shift in conservation toward a holistic approach that incentivizes protection and promotes sustainable human-wildlife coexistence across large multiple-use landscapes.population viability analysis | threat assessment | protected areas | landscape conservation | megafauna T he spread and dominance of humans across the world during the Anthropocene have precipitated a sixth global biodiversity extinction crisis (1). To maximize biodiversity retention through this period of rapid change, scarce conservation resources need to be targeted toward species and ecosystems that are most Significance Here, we compile and present the most comprehensive data available on cheetah distribution and status. Our analysis shows dramatic declines of cheetah across its distributional range. Most cheetah occur outside protected areas, where they are exposed to multiple threats, but there is little information on population status. Simulation modeling shows that, where cheetah population growth rates are suppressed outside protected areas, extinction risk increases markedly. This result can be generalized to other "protection-reliant" species, and a decision tree is provided to improve their extinction risk estimation. Ultimately, the persistence of protection-reliant species depends on their survival outside and inside protected areas and requires a holistic approach to conservation that engages rather than alienates local communities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global decline of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and what it means for conservation

Durant

Mitchell

Groom

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

211

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“…; Brugière et al. ). Although the movements of large herds can be remotely monitored (e.g., fire‐cluster data), the subsequent impacts on wildlife (especially terrestrial mammals and birds) are more difficult to assess remotely, particularly if dense vegetation appears largely intact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Social changes, the legacy of violence, and economic factors are leading to larger domestic stock herd sizes, and climatic factors combined with increases in vaccine availability are allowing movement of these herds into areas formerly unsuitable for grazing (e.g., tsetse fly habitats). Changing practices of transhumance, larger herd sizes, widespread availability of automatic weapons, and highly potent poisons threaten wildlife in multiple ways, from bushmeat hunting to eradication of top predators (Bouché et al 2010;Brugière et al 2015). Although the movements of large herds can be remotely monitored (e.g., fire-cluster data), the subsequent impacts on wildlife (especially terrestrial mammals and birds) are more difficult to assess remotely, particularly if dense vegetation appears largely intact.…”

Section: Conservation Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of publication bias on conservation planning

Hickisch

Hodgetts

Johnson

et al. 2019

Conservation Biology

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Conservation planners need reliable information on spatial patterns of biodiversity. However, existing data sets are skewed because some ecosystems, taxa, and locations are underrepresented. We determined how many articles have been published in recent decades on the biodiversity of different countries and their constituent provinces. We searched the Web of Science catalogues Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) for biodiversity‐related articles published from 1993 to 2016 that included country and province names. We combined data on research publication frequency with other provincial‐scale factors hypothesized to affect the likelihood of research activity (i.e., economic development, human presence, infrastructure, and remoteness). Areas that appeared understudied relative to the biodiversity expected based on site climate likely have been inaccessible to researchers for reasons, notably armed conflict. Geographic publication bias is of most concern in the most remote areas of sub‐Saharan Africa and South America. Our provincial‐scale model may help compensate for publication biases in conservation planning by revealing the spatial extent of research needs and the low cost of redoing this analysis annually.

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“…Introductory Chapter: Green Technologies to Improve the Environment on Earth DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84168 biota [11]; at present, enormous scale extinction of many animal species has been observed [12]. The appropriate use of technology and a closer collaboration of different research fields can benefit the preservation of wildlife as it is described by X. Pacheco in the chapter "How technology can transform wildlife conservation.…”

Section: Green Technologies: the Key Of Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Green Technologies to Improve the Environment on Earth

Pacheco¹

2019

Green Technologies to Improve the Environment on Earth

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Large-Scale Extinction of Large Carnivores (Lion Panthera Leo, Cheetah Acinonyx Jubatus and Wild Dog Lycaon Pictus) in Protected Areas of West and Central Africa

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

The global decline of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and what it means for conservation

The global decline of cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and what it means for conservation

Effects of publication bias on conservation planning

Introductory Chapter: Green Technologies to Improve the Environment on Earth

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