Large-scale identification of encystment-related proteins and genes in Pseudourostyla cristata

Gao, Xiang; Chen, Fen-Fen; Niu, Tao; Qu, Ruidan; Chen, Jiwu

doi:10.1038/srep11360

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The pathway in the flagellate Giardia lamblia , for example, is well characterized, as cysts are a key virulence mechanism allowing it to survive in the environment and infect new hosts [ 102 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. The encystment process is also well studied in ciliates [ 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 ].…”

Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?

Nalepa

2017

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, the sister group of termites, retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites, closely related flagellates die prior to host ecdysis. Although the prevalent view is that termite flagellates die because of conditions of starvation and desiccation in the gut during the host molting cycle, the work of L.R. Cleveland in the 1930s through the 1960s provides a strong alternate hypothesis: it was the changed hormonal environment associated with the origin of eusociality and its concomitant shift in termite developmental ontogeny that instigates the death of the flagellates in termites. Although the research on termite gut microbial communities has exploded since the advent of modern molecular techniques, the role of the host hormonal environment on the life cycle of its gut flagellates has been neglected. Here Cleveland’s studies are revisited to provide a basis for re-examination of the problem, and the results framed in the context of two alternate hypotheses: the flagellate symbionts are victims of the change in host social status, or the flagellates have become incorporated into the life cycle of the eusocial termite colony. Recent work on parasitic protists suggests clear paths for exploring these hypotheses and for resolving long standing issues regarding sexual-encystment cycles in flagellates of the Cryptocercus-termite lineage using molecular methodologies, bringing the problem into the modern era.

show abstract

Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?

Nalepa

2017

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During transformation of the trophonts into cysts, the cell morphology changes sharply accompanied by the rapid modifications in intracellular proteins 13,14 . Therefore, dramatic changes occurring in the proteins suggested an activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to meet the needs of protein degradation during cell morphological changes 8 . Our comparative transcriptomic data showed that the signaling pathway of the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis was significantly upregulated in the cysts compared to the trophonts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel insights into molecular mechanisms of Pseudourostyla cristata encystment using comparative transcriptomics

Pan

Niu

Bhatti

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The encystment of many ciliates is an advanced survival strategy against adversity and the most important reason for ciliates existence worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism for the encystment of free-living ciliates is poorly understood. Here, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis of dormant cysts and trophonts from Pseudourostyla cristata using transcriptomics, qRT-PCR and bioinformatic techniques. We identified 2565 differentially expressed unigenes between the dormant cysts and the trophonts. The total number of differentially expressed genes in GO database was 1752. The differential unigenes noted to the GO terms were 1993. These differential categories were mainly related to polyamine transport, pectin decomposition, cytoplasmic translation, ribosome, respiratory chain, ribosome structure, ion channel activity, and RNA ligation. A total of 224 different pathways were mapped. Among them, 184 pathways were upregulated, while 162 were downregulated. Further investigation showed that the calcium and AMPK signaling pathway had important induction effects on the encystment. In addition, FOXO and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis signaling pathway jointly regulated the encystment. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothetical signaling network that regulates Pseudourostyla cristata encystment. Overall, these results provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of ciliates encystment and adaptation to adverse environments.of Strepkiella histriomuscorum has been studied in the encystment and trophont stages through biochip technology, which suggested that cyst formation is associated with Ribosomal L7, Ribosomal acidic P2, Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, Ubiquitin, Ca 2+ -ATPase and Actin1 7 . Other studies investigated the differential proteins of the cysts and the trophonts from Pseudourostyla cristata (P. cristata) using shotgun LC-MS/MS, finding the association of fibrillarin-like rRNA methylase, methylmalonyl-coenzyme mutase, ADP ribosylation factor, Rab12, MAPK-related kinase and KR multi-domain proteins with cyst formation 8 . However, the reports of systematically studying the genes and signaling pathways involved in the formation of ciliate cysts at the molecular level are rare 8 . In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the cyst formation in ciliates using comparative transcriptomic analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bioinformatic techniques. Furthermore, we have focused on the analysis of several important signaling pathways related to the encystment. Therefore, we have proposed a hypothetical network that regulates Pseudourostyla cristata encystment. Our study generates novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the cyst formation in free-living ciliates.www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ dormant cysts of P. cristata (Fig. 4). Validation of results by transcriptome sequencing showed that mRNA outcomes were consistent with the transcriptomic data of trophonts and dormant cysts in P. cristata (Fig. 4).

show abstract

“…Together, F-actin is required for both basal and starvation-induced autophagy in higher eukaryotes [22]. Therefore, F-actin upregulation could promote vegetative cell's shrinkage of P. cristata and enhanced the cell autophagy via regulating actin cytoskeleton, thereby promoting the formation of the dormant cysts [9]. CPT1 is a key enzyme for β-oxidation of fatty acid, and increased expression of CPT1 causes decomposition of fatty acids [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al identified that several proteins were associated with encystment of Euplotes encysticus including type II cytoskeletal 1, calpain-like protein, formate acetyltransferase, alpha S1 casein, and cold-shock protein by 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS techniques [8]. Gao et al also identified proteins and genes in dormant cysts of P. cristata including fibrillarin-like rRNA methylase, ADP ribosylation factor, Rab12, and MAPK-related kinase by shotgun LC-MS/MS and scale quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis [9]. Jiang et al found AMPK, CaMK, ABCC4, ERK1/2, and PP1 were associated with the cyst formation of Colpoda aspera through transcriptomic techniques [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Encystment-Related MicroRNAs and Its Regulation Molecular Mechanism in Pseudourostyla cristata Revealed by High Throughput Small RNA Sequencing

Pan

Bhatti

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of target genes in diverse cellular processes and play important roles in different physiological processes. However, little is known about the microRNAome (miRNAome) during encystment of ciliated protozoa. In the current study, we first investigated the differentially expressed miRNAs and relative signaling pathways participating in the transformation of vegetative cells into dormant cysts of Pseudourostyla cristata (P. cristata). A total of 1608 known miRNAs were found in the two libraries. There were 165 miRNAs with 1217 target miRNAs. The total number of differential miRNAs screened between vegetative cells and dormant cysts databases were 449 with p < 0.05 and |log2 fold changes| > 1. Among them, the upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were 243 and 206, respectively. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that some of the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly associated with oxidative phosphorylation, two-component system, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Combining with our bioinformatics analyzes, some differentially expressed miRNAs including miR-143, miR-23b-3p, miR-28, and miR-744-5p participates in the encystment of P. cristata. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothetical signaling network of miRNAs regulating or promoting P. cristata encystment. This study shed new lights on the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in encystment of ciliated protozoa.

show abstract

Large-scale identification of encystment-related proteins and genes in Pseudourostyla cristata

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?

What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?

Novel insights into molecular mechanisms of Pseudourostyla cristata encystment using comparative transcriptomics

The Encystment-Related MicroRNAs and Its Regulation Molecular Mechanism in Pseudourostyla cristata Revealed by High Throughput Small RNA Sequencing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About