Large-Scale Optical-switch Prototype Compactly Implemented with Novel Functional Configuration

Applying the skew-normal distribution to model coherent MPI and to evaluate its impact on PAM signals

“…It is worth to note that the condition 𝜏 𝑖 ≪ 𝑇 can impose a limit on the maximum transmission rate for which this model can be applied. As a consequence, the differential delays between the signal and its replicas must be very small in the sense that can only be observed when using integrated OXCs (optical cross-connects) [16]. As an example, for a baud rate of 25 Gbaud (T=0.04 ns) the differential lengths between the signal and its replicas must be much smaller than 8 mm.…”

Full-mesh T- and O-band wavelength router based on arrayed waveguide gratings

“…it is acceptable for any wavelength from any input port to be output to any output port as long as both of the aforementioned conditions are satisfied. An N  N cyclic AWG is one of the most promising candidate for, and has widely been used as an N  N non-blocking wavelength router in various types of networks [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], as both of the aforementioned conditions can be innately satisfied by designing the free spectral range (FSR) to be N times the channel spacing, albeit having larger PPD from a uniformly spaced channel grid with larger channel count [25]. A non-uniform channel grid could mitigate the PPD, but fine wavelength tuning of laser sources to accommodate for the channel grid would be complicated.…”

“…Signal interconnection based on wavelength routing is the key for future high-capacity and low-latency WDM networks. In particular, a N  N passive wavelength router with fullmesh connection capability, usually in the form of an N  N cyclic AWG, is a very useful device that can be utilized in star-topology networks [12][13][14][15], large-scale and highlyfunctional WDM networks [16,17], optical interconnects in data center and high-performance computing [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], etc. However, the transmission properties of an AWG prevent it from being scaled up to a significant extent in terms of bandwidth for practical application in ultrabroadband WDM networks, mostly due to intrinsic passband peak deviation (PPD) from a uniformly spaced channel grid [25].…”

“…However, the transmission properties of an AWG prevent it from being scaled up to a significant extent in terms of bandwidth for practical application in ultrabroadband WDM networks, mostly due to intrinsic passband peak deviation (PPD) from a uniformly spaced channel grid [25]. Various approaches on suppressing the PPD include a uniform-loss cyclic-frequency (ULCF) AWG configuration [12,26] and cascading multiple AWGs to form larger-scale full-mesh wavelength router [18,19,26].…”