Large scale patterns of trematode parasite communities infecting Cerastoderma edule along the Atlantic coast from Portugal to Morocco

Abstract

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Himasthla spp. (Trematoda) in the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule: review, long-term monitoring and new molecular insights

“…In this case, the first intermediate host is Tritia reticulata , which is widespread from the north to south of Europe (Russell-Pinto et al ., 2006 ). This lack of direct relationship between host and parasite distribution shows that the abundance of metacercariae also depends on other factors, such as cockle density, size, age and fitness, as well as the ambient benthic community (Gam et al ., 2009 b ; de Montaudouin and Lanceleur, 2011 ; Magalhães et al ., 2017 ; Welsh et al ., 2019 ; Correia et al ., 2020 a ). Moreover, H. quissetensis has also been recorded in different Mediterranean lagoons, infecting a close-related cockle, C erastoderma glaucum (Prévot, 1974 ; Bartoli and Gibson, 2007 ).…”

“…A moderate negative correlation between cockle density and intensity of H. interrupta and H. quissetensis was highlighted in this study, suggesting a dilution effect. Indeed, dense cockle populations can filter a high volume of water and thus eliminate parasitic cercariae, with subsequent lower metacercariae infection in cockles (Mouritsen et al ., 2003; Thieltges and Reise, 2006 b ; Buck and Lutterschmidt, 2017; Magalhães et al ., 2017; Correia et al ., 2020 a ). However, the density of cockles only explained 4–8% of metacercariae intensity, implying that other factors, such as host condition, first intermediate host density and environmental parameters modulated the infection of the cockles (Wilson et al ., 2001; Mouritsen et al ., 2003; Thieltges and Reise, 2006 b ; Welsh et al ., 2019).…”

Trematode genetic patterns at host individual and population scales provide insights about infection mechanisms

“…In the Ria de Aveiro, given the low prevalence of B. minimus , the presence of only 1 parasite haplotype per host was not surprising. There is a well-known upwelling mechanism offshore of this coastal lagoon (Queiroz et al ., 2012), resulting in low water temperature and consequently lower prevalence and abundance of trematode parasites compared to other coastal systems where cockles are distributed (Correia et al ., 2020). Trematodes are highly sensitive to temperature, both in their free-living and parasitic stages (Thieltges and Rick, 2006; Selbach and Poulin, 2020).…”

Taxonomic scale and community organization impact observed latitudinal gradients of parasite diversity

“…Hillebrand, 2004; Janzen, 1970, 1981; Kaufman, 1995), but we know very little about the LDG and its drivers in non‐free‐living organisms, such as parasites (Bordes et al, 2010). There have been fewer than 30 studies of latitudinal diversity patterns in helminths (Correia et al, 2020; Dallas et al, 2018; del Carmen Villalobos‐Segura et al, 2020; Johnson & Haas, 2021; Preisser, 2019; Thieltges et al, 2011), representing only a narrow fraction of the hundreds of studies in free‐living taxa. Even less is known about the potential drivers of the LDG in parasitic taxa.…”