Large-scale preparation of clove essential oil and eugenol-loaded liposomes using a membrane contactor and a pilot plant

Abstract

Based on our previous study where optimal conditions were defined to encapsulate clove essential oil (CEO) into liposomes at laboratory scale, we scaled-up the preparation of CEO and eugenol (Eug)-loaded liposomes using a membrane contactor (600 mL) and a pilot plant (3 L) based on the principle of ethanol injection method, both equipped with a Shirasu Porous Glass membrane for injection of the organic phase into the aqueous phase. Homogenous, stable, nanometric-sized and multilamellar liposomes with high phospholipid, Eug loading rates and encapsulation efficiency of CEO components were obtained. Saturation of phospholipids and drug concentration in the organic phase may control the liposome stability. Liposomes loaded with other hydrophobic volatile compounds could be prepared at large scale using the ethanol injection method and a membrane for injection.

Preparation of drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes at a large scale using a membrane contactor: Application to trans -anethole

“…A similar result was reported for α-tocopherol loaded in the same phospholipid vesicles prepared by membrane contactor and pilot plant (Charcosset, Juban, Valour, Urbaniak, & Fessi, 2015). Also, no effect on liposome size was observed for eugenol, clove essential oil (Sebaaly, Greige-Gerges, Agusti, Fessi, & Charcosset, 2015), caffeine and spironolactone (Pham, Jaafar-Maalej, Charcosset, & Fessi, (2012), indicating that the liposome characteristics obtained by membrane contactor were very similar to those obtained with the syringe pump although the volumes had been increased by 20.…”

“…Therefore, compared to the blank liposomes, the presence of ANE and/or HP-ß-CD did not affect the surface charge of Lipoid S100 liposomes, supporting our previous results (Gharib, Auezova, Charcosset, & Greige-Gerges, in revision;Sebaaly, Greige-Gerges, Agusti, Fessi, & Charcosset, 2015;Sebaaly, Charcosset, Stainmesse, Fessi, & Greige-gerges, 2016).…”

“…Homogenous populations of DCL, prepared by membrane contactor were obtained for eugenol and clove essential oils (Sebaaly, Greige-Gerges, Agusti, Fessi, & Charcosset, 2015). Furthermore, for all formulations, the presence of CD did not affect the size distribution, which is in agreement with other studies (Sebaaly, Charcosset, Stainmesse, Fessi, & Greige-gerges 2016;Cavalcanti, et al, 2011;Ascenso, et al, 2013;Bragagni, Maestrelli, Mennini, Ghelardini, & Mura, 2010;Maestrelli, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Rabasco, Ghelardini, & Mura, 2010).…”

“…Sebaaly, Charcosset, Stainmesse, Fessi, & Greige-gerges, (2016) reported that CD/eugenol inclusion complexloaded phospholipon 90H prepared by the double loading technique were not stable after 1 month of storage at 4ºC. However, it has been reported that the α-tocopherol and eugenol-loaded Lipoid S100 liposomes were stable at 4ºC after 1 month of storage (Charcosset, Juban, Valour, Urbaniak, & Fessi, 2015;Sebaaly, Greige-Gerges, Agusti, Fessi, & Charcosset, 2015).…”

Membrane processes in nanoparticle production

“…1 PM: premix emulsification, CF: crossflow emulsification; 2 The smallest mean (or mode, if mean is unavailable) diameter is reported; 3 polyvinylpyrrolidone; 4 1-phenyl-3-(p-methoxyl-styryl)-5-(p-methoxyl-phenyl)-2-pyrazoline; 5 Gelucire contains PEG 1500 esters, glycerides, unreacted PEG 1500, and a small amount of glycerol and Compritol 888 contains mono-, diandtriglycerides of primarily behenic acid (C 22 ); 6 Lipoid contains egg yolk lecithin with 82% phosphatidylcholine, 8% phosphatidylethanolamine, 3% lysophosphatidylcholine, 3% sphingomyelin, and 4% nonpolar lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and DL-αtocopherol) in ethanol; Tween ® 60 and Span ® 60 are the non-ionic surfactants polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitol monostearate and sorbitol monostearate, respectively; 7 various added surfactants were included; 8 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine andcholesterolliposomes created via thin film hydration; 9 binary pairs with methanol, ethanol, and iso-propanol; 10 11 water ~210 [92,93] phases; 11 clove essential oil or Eugenol as a drug inclusion complex with cyclodextrins were dissolved in the water phase.…”