Large-scale pyrolysis of oil palm frond using two-box chamber pyrolyzer for cleaner biochar production

Bindar, Yazid; Steven, Soen; Kresno, Steven Wahju; Hernowo, Pandit; Restiawaty, Elvi; Purwadi, Ronny; Prakoso, Tirto

doi:10.1007/s13399-022-02842-1

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The highest surface area is in line with the smallest value of pore diameter and largest pore volume. [ 61 ] Those conditions are obtained under no acid washing of leaves, S / F of 5, and t _ ext of 1.5 h, with values of 328.61 m 2 /g, 8.69 nm, and 0.71 cc/g for surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of purity and yield of amorphous bio‐silica nanoparticles synthesized from bamboo leaves

Bindar,

Ramli,

Steven

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

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The fallen yellowish bamboo leaves around bamboo crops are always overlooked even though they contain high silica in their ash. Bamboo leaf valorization consequently has the potential to be a green process for synthesizing amorphous silica. Unfortunately, the optimum process parameters have not been widely disclosed. Hence, this study intends to optimize the synthesis of amorphous bio‐silica nanoparticles from bamboo leaves using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Bamboo leaves were initially washed with HCl, followed by combustion at 700°C, and then ash washing, extraction of silica with NaOH (sol–gel method), gelation, and drying. According to the results, optimum conditions occur under no acid washing of leaves, solvent‐to‐feed ratio = 5 mL/g, and extraction duration = 1.5 h. The optimum conditions give the highest purity (94.1 wt.%) and yield (42.33%) as well as the highest surface area (328.61 m2/g), smallest pore diameter (8.69 nm), and largest pore volume (0.71 cc/g) of bio‐silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, bio‐silica nanoparticles are amorphous, spherical‐shaped aggregates, and have a white powdered colour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest surface area is in line with the smallest value of pore diameter and largest pore volume. [61] Those conditions are obtained under no phenomena that occurred in this study. Zayed et al reported those kinds of structures as huge nano-clusters of semi-spherical particles.…”

Section: Surface Area Pore Diameter and Pore Volume Of Bio-silica Nan...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Optimization of purity and yield of amorphous bio‐silica nanoparticles synthesized from bamboo leaves

Bindar,

Ramli,

Steven

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

Self Cite

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“…Pyrolysis is an endothermic reaction that requires heat, so the pyrolysis process takes place at high temperatures. 43,44 Figure 3 depicts the correlation between increasing pyrolysis temperature, heating rates, and the yield of pyrolysis products. For all variations, the biochar yield is 62-72%, the BCO yield is 19-25%, and the biopyrolysis gas yield is 10-16%.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Heating Rate On Product Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of macroalgae residue from the agar industry for silica‐rich biochar and other sustainable chemicals: Process performances, product applications, and simple business scenario

Putri,

Steven,

Oktavia

et al. 2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The macroalgae residue from the industrial agar extraction process contains a significant amount of carbon and has potential as a renewable feedstock. Unfortunately, it is often overlooked and is poorly utilized. This study aims to valorize this macroalgae residue through pyrolysis to produce silica‐rich biochar and other value‐added products in the form of biocrude oil (BCO) and biopyrolysis gas. The macroalgae residue was pyrolyzed at 300–700 °C with a heating rate of 20–40 °C/min. Yields of biochar, BCO, and gas of 62%, 25%, and 13% were obtained at a temperature of 700 °C and a heating rate of 20 °C/min. Biochar has a porous structure, a surface area exceeding 15 m2/g, and is dominated by amorphous silica of up to 13%. This silica‐rich biochar also contains Na and K, which hold potential benefits in agriculture, serving as soil ameliorants and playing a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant growth. In the meantime, BCO contains 29.3% carboxylic acid group as the most important chemical component. Other than that, the biopyrolysis gas contains mainly CH4 and H2 (up to 24–32%), which can act as chemical building blocks. Finally, a simple business scenario of silica‐rich biochar production reveals that it has a specific cost of 0.37 US$/kg. It could be economically viable as a soil ameliorant or fertilizer. However, challenges persist in scaling up production to an industrial scale.

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“…Other than that, the cassava plantation also releases CO2 and CH4. In the long term, it increasingly evidences global warming and climate change [23,24].…”

Section: Production Processes and Manufacturementioning

confidence: 99%

Is bio-labeled material always environmentally friendly? Investigation of 5 types of shopping bags in Indonesia by impact assessment

Abidin,

Steven,

Trirahayu

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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From the outdated understanding, bio-labeled materials seem always environmentally friendly even though it does not necessarily true. A new approach by impact assessment should be performed to meet sustainability. It examines the impact from its cradle, gate, and grave. In this study, an impact assessment was conducted for 5 types of shopping bags that are often used in Indonesia, i.e. virgin HDPE plastic, oxo-biodegradable plastic, goodie bag, bioplastic, and recycled plastic, in a sequential term. The analysis started with raw material, production process, product distribution and storage, product usage, and disposal/recycling. The functional unit was based on 1 kg of product. Based on the results, the total energy requirements are 6.16 kWh/kg, 6.17 kWh/kg, 6.16 kWh/kg, 12.04 kWh/kg, and 1.10 kWh/kg. Meanwhile, global warming potential as CO2 equivalent is 4.80 kg/kg, 4.81 kg/kg, 4.80 kg/kg, 10.43 kg/kg, and 0.80 kg/kg. Although bioplastic is easy to degrade in the landfill, it consumes intense land use and water requirements compared to other types of plastic. Therefore, it is summarized that the most environmentally friendly plastic is recycled plastic and then followed by virgin HDPE plastic, oxo-biodegradable plastic, goodie bag, and bioplastic. Consequently, bio-labeled materials are not always more environmentally friendly than others.

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Large-scale pyrolysis of oil palm frond using two-box chamber pyrolyzer for cleaner biochar production

Cited by 27 publications

References 57 publications

Optimization of purity and yield of amorphous bio‐silica nanoparticles synthesized from bamboo leaves

Optimization of purity and yield of amorphous bio‐silica nanoparticles synthesized from bamboo leaves

Pyrolysis of macroalgae residue from the agar industry for silica‐rich biochar and other sustainable chemicals: Process performances, product applications, and simple business scenario

Is bio-labeled material always environmentally friendly? Investigation of 5 types of shopping bags in Indonesia by impact assessment

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