Large-scale remotely interrogated arrays of fiber-optic interferometric sensors for underwater acoustic applications

Review on Developments in Fiber Optical Sensors and Applications

“…Even the distributed sensors (like Brillouin scattering based) are also effective intrinsic sensors; they were used to detect strain and temperature over larger distances of about 20-30 kilometers in the past. Other intrinsic sensors were used as hydrophones (distributed sensors) for seismic, sonar applications [56] and as temperature and pressure sensors for oil industry [57]. Hydrophones are fiber sensors with more than one hundred sensors per fiber cable.…”

“…Depending on the arrangement of sensors in different arrays, hydrophone systems may be named as bottom-mounted or towed streamer systems etc [58]. These systems can work at very high temperatures suitable for semiconductors [56]. Some other intrinsic sensors were used as interferometric such as fiber optic gyroscopes for aerospace [59], land transit for navigation purposes and hydrogen sensors.…”

Phase Sensitivity to Acoustic Pressure of Microstrustured Optical Fibers: A Comparison Study

“…For many years, researchers have shown the advantages of the SMF hydrophones as a potential alternative to the existing sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) technology [1,2]. The SMF hydrophone has low acoustic sensitivity because it is made of glass material that has high Young's modulus makes them incompressible.…”

Method for intrinsic crosstalk reduction on a serial array of interferometric optical fiber hydrophones based on fiber Bragg gratings

“…Up to now, many studies on multiplexing schemes that use combinations of several detectors have been conducted, and the arising crosstalk phenomena have been examined [3][4][5]. However, such studies have been conducted only for the in-line, Fabry-Perot hydrophone array.…”