Large-Scale Survey of Gut Microbiota Associated With MHE Via 16S rRNA-Based Pyrosequencing

Zhang, Zhigang; Zhai, Huiqin; Geng, Jiawei; Yu, Rui; Ren, Haiqing; Fan, Hong; Shi, Peng

doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.221

Cited by 151 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, Abrahamsson et al reported that there was no significant correlation between Anaerostipes, Prevotella, and atopic eczema in infants (30). The genus of Flavonifractor, prevailing in minimal hepatic encephalopathy with cirrhosis (48), was also shown to have an increased relative abundance in infants with FA. Our current study indicated that the prevalence of those genera mentioned above would increase the risk for infancy FA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Fecal Microbiota Composition Associated with Food Allergy in Infants

Ling

Liu

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

319

260

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Increasing evidence suggests that perturbations in the intestinal microbiota composition of infants are implicated in the pathogenesis of food allergy (FA), while the actual structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota in human beings with FA remain unclear. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with parallel barcoded 454 pyrosequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V1-V3 regions in the feces of 34 infants with FA (17 IgE mediated and 17 non-IgE mediated) and 45 healthy controls. Here, we showed that several key FA-associated bacterial phylotypes, but not the overall microbiota diversity, significantly changed in infancy fecal microbiota with FA and were associated with the development of FA. The proportion of abundant Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla were significantly reduced, while the Firmicutes phylum was highly enriched in the FA group (P < 0.05). Abundant Clostridiaceae 1 organisms were prevalent in infants with FA at the family level (P ‫؍‬ 0.016). FA-enriched phylotypes negatively correlated with interleukin-10, for example, the genera Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Despite profound interindividual variability, levels of 20 predominant genera were significantly different between the FA and healthy control groups (P < 0.05). Infants with IgE-mediated FA had increased levels of Clostridium sensu stricto and Anaerobacter and decreased levels of Bacteroides and Clostridium XVIII (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Clostridium sensu stricto and serum-specific IgE (R ‫؍‬ 0.655, P < 0.001). The specific microbiota signature could distinguish infants with IgE-mediated FA from non-IgE-mediated ones. Detailed microbiota analysis of a well-characterized cohort of infants with FA showed that dysbiosis of fecal microbiota with several FA-associated key phylotypes may play a pathogenic role in FA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Fecal Microbiota Composition Associated with Food Allergy in Infants

Ling

Liu

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

319

260

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They also showed that gut urease containing bacteria Streptococcus salivarius was absent in controls but was present in cirrhotics with or without MHE. The abundance of Streptococcus salivarius was significantly higher in MHE than non-MHE patients, and its count positively correlated with ammonia levels in patients with MHE 58. Bajaj and coworkers performed cognition testing, and inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin analysis in cirrhotics with and without HE 35.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Gut Microbiota: Its Role in Hepatic Encephalopathy

Rai

Saraswat

Dhiman

2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

144

125

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Ammonia, a key factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), is predominantly derived from urea breakdown by urease producing large intestinal bacteria and from small intestine and kidneys, where the enzyme glutaminases releases ammonia from circulating glutamine. Non-culture techniques like pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid are used to characterize fecal microbiota. Fecal microbiota in patients with cirrhosis have been shown to alter with increasing Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, and with development of covert or overt HE. Cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio (CDR), the ratio of autochthonous/good bacteria (e.g. Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiales) to non-autochthonous/pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcaceae), is significantly higher in controls and patients with compensated cirrhosis than patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Although their stool microbiota do not differ, sigmoid colonic mucosal microbiota in liver cirrhosis patients with and without HE, are different. Linkage of pathogenic colonic mucosal bacteria with poor cognition and inflammation suggests that important processes at the mucosal interface, such as bacterial translocation and immune dysfunction, are involved in the pathogenesis of HE. Fecal microbiome composition does not change significantly when HE is treated with lactulose or when HE recurs after lactulose withdrawal. Despite improving cognition and endotoxemia as well as shifting positive correlation of pathogenic bacteria with metabolites, linked to ammonia, aromatic amino acids and oxidative stress, to a negative correlation, rifaximin changes gut microbiome composition only modestly. These observations suggest that the beneficial effects of lactulose and rifaximin could be associated with a change in microbial metabolic function as well as an improvement in dysbiosis.

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“…Zhang et al found worse dysbiosis in all cirrhotic patients compared with healthy controls but also found that patients with MHE had specific changes such as an overabundance of Streptococcus salivarius. 18 They hypothesized that this could increase ammonia production due to its urease activity, and indeed, on their correlation network they found it was associated with blood ammonia and cognitive testing. In contrast, our group did not find a significant difference between overt HE and no-overt HE patients on the stool microbiome, although both groups independently had dysbiosis compared with healthy controls.…”

Section: Changes In Patients With Mhe and Overt Hementioning

confidence: 99%