Large scale synthesis of full-color emissive carbon dots from a single carbon source by a solvent-free method

Ding, Hui; Zhou, Xiuping; Zhang, Zihui; Zhao, Yun‐Peng; Wei, Ji‐Shi

doi:10.1007/s12274-021-3891-0

Cited by 99 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Usually, the CDs show characteristic D bands and G bands in Raman spectra, which correspond to defects and graphitic aromatic domains, respectively. 45,46 However, in our case, due to the strong fluorescence interference, we could not observe any characteristic Raman signal (Figure S4). 47 To gain further insight into the stepwise transformation of elemental features and bonding motifs of N-CDs during the course of the carbonization process, in-depth XPS measurements were carried out.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…As the reaction progresses, the peaks corresponding to the −CC intensity increase, which further confirms that at longer reaction times, conjugated aromatic domains are formed in the N-CDs. Usually, the CDs show characteristic D bands and G bands in Raman spectra, which correspond to defects and graphitic aromatic domains, respectively. , However, in our case, due to the strong fluorescence interference, we could not observe any characteristic Raman signal (Figure S4). …”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

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From Small Molecules to Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanodots: Chasing the Stepwise Transformations During Carbonization

et al. 2022

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Unlike the traditional fluorescent material, carbon dots (CDs) have unique photoluminescent properties, which directly depend on several synthesis parameters during the bottom-up carbonization process. Overall photoluminescence properties of CDs are mainly regulated by the three major emissive domains of CDs, that is, (a) small molecular fluorophores, (b) graphitic aromatic domains, and (c) amorphous domains and/or surface states. However, the extent of carbonization is extremely crucial as it directs the relative populations of the three emissive domains and their interplay, which eventually regulates the overall photo-physics of carbon-based nanomaterials. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore the molecular-level stepwise transformations of small precursor molecules to zero-dimensional CDs and eventually their critical optimization in emitting, catalytic, and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we have investigated the stepwise growth process of zero-dimensional N-functionalized CDs from small molecular precursors–citric acid and ammonia. In-depth molecular insight into the evolution of chromophore centers has been gained through detailed structure–property correlation. Structural and elemental features have been illustrated by employing proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the intrinsic molecular-level transformation of CDs is nicely correlated with the evolution of the intriguing photophysical properties by detailed steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. In addition, the extent of aromaticity and the internal rigidity during the growth process have also been illustrated by temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy. Overall, the current fundamental study will be extremely crucial for the development of CDs and their molecular-level optimization for on-demand applications.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 58%

From Small Molecules to Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanodots: Chasing the Stepwise Transformations During Carbonization

et al. 2022

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“…Several researchers have published their work on the solvent-free preparation R-CDs, including Liu et al, 46 who achieved bright (QY = 57%) R-CDs from o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) using AlCl 3 assisting dehydration at 200 1C for 12 hours; Yang et al, 47 who obtained R-CDs from the Al(NO 3 ) 3 /o-PDA system; and Ding et al achieving the preparation of full-color CDs through solvent-free method by the KCl/o-PDA system. 48 All of these studies established the feasibility, and thus inspired us, of producing R-CDs via the solid-phase method. However, multi-precursor formulations, which introduce difficulties in the formulation and compositional control of CDs, and the use of dehydrating agents (AlCl 3 , Al(NO 3 ) 3 or KCl), result in increased raw material consumption, complex postremoval, and difficulties in understanding the synthesis mechanism, posing a barrier to industrial preparation of R-CDs using solvent-free methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Self-carbonization synthesis of highly-bright red/near-infrared carbon dots by solvent-free method

Zhang

Fang

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. C

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“…The solid CDs appeared to be a brown-colored powder with single production of 5.87 g. Furthermore, they can dissolve in water completely to make a stock solution with mass concertation of 1 mg/ml. Table 2 listed the comparison of routes for producing CDs on large scale (Park et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2014;Jones et al, 2017;Ding et al, 2018;Zhu et al, 2020;Niu et al, 2021;Ding et al, 2022), suggesting our method might have an economical consideration with high conversion yield. Figure 1D exhibits a morphological characterization of CDs solution, exhibiting a quasi-spherical shape with diameter of 4.1 ± 2.2 nm.…”

Section: Characterization Of Solid Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct preparation of solid carbon dots by pyrolysis of collagen waste and their applications in fluorescent sensing and imaging

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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The fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have found their extensive applications in sensing, bioimaging, and photoelectronic devices. In general terms, the synthesis of CDs is straight-forward, though their subsequent purification can be laborious. Therefore, there is a need for easier ways to generate solid CDs with a high conversion yield. Herein, we used collagen waste as a carbon source in producing solid CDs through a calcination procedure without additional chemical decomposition treatment of the raw material. Considering a mass of acid has destroyed the original protein macromolecules into the assembled structure with amino acids and peptide chains in the commercial extraction procedure of collagen product. The residual tissues were assembled with weak intermolecular interactions, which would easily undergo dehydration, polymerization, and carbonization during the heat treatment to produce solid CDs directly. The calcination parameters were surveyed to give the highest conversion yield at 78%, which occurred at 300°C for 2 h. N and S atomic doping CDs (N-CDs and S-CDs) were synthesized at a similar process except for immersion of the collagen waste in sulfuric acid or nitric acid in advance. Further experiments suggested the prepared CDs can serve as an excellent sensor platform for Fe3+ in an acid medium with high anti-interference. The cytotoxicity assays confirmed the biosafety and biocompatibility of the CDs, suggesting potential applications in bioimaging. This work provides a new avenue for preparing solid CDs with high conversion yield.

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Large scale synthesis of full-color emissive carbon dots from a single carbon source by a solvent-free method

Cited by 99 publications

References 50 publications

From Small Molecules to Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanodots: Chasing the Stepwise Transformations During Carbonization

From Small Molecules to Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanodots: Chasing the Stepwise Transformations During Carbonization

Self-carbonization synthesis of highly-bright red/near-infrared carbon dots by solvent-free method

Direct preparation of solid carbon dots by pyrolysis of collagen waste and their applications in fluorescent sensing and imaging

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