Large variations in absolute wall shear stress levels within one species and between species

Cheng, Caroline; Helderman, Frank; Tempel, Dennie; Segers, Dolf; Hierck, Beerend P.; Poelmann, R. E.; Tol, Arie van; Duncker, Dirk J.; Robbers‐Visser, Daniëlle; Ursem, Nicolette; Haperen, Rien van; Wentzel, Jolanda J.; Gijsen, Frank; Steen, A.F.W. van der; Crom, Rini de; Krams, Rob

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.019

Cited by 194 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Flow partitions have not been measured accurately at intercostal branch sites in any species. Furthermore, there is disagreement as to whether flow in general partitions according to the square or the cube of the ratio of vessel diameters (Cheng et al 2007), which would correspond to Q b : Q a Z1 per cent or 0.1 per cent, respectively, for the models examined in this study. Partitions will certainly vary with physiological demand and may also depend on species and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, allometric studies have examined variations in WSS between species, proposing various scaling laws (Greve et al 2006;Cheng et al 2007;Weinberg & Ethier 2007). However, only a few have systematically studied the effects on WSS of varying Re or flow division between parent and daughter vessel (Cheer et al 1998) and we are not aware of any that have attempted to explain the age-and species-dependent differences in lesion pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Reynolds number and flow division on patterns of haemodynamic wall shear stress near branch points in the descending thoracic aorta

Kazakidi

Sherwin

Weinberg

2008

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Atherosclerotic lesions are non-uniformly distributed at arterial bends and branch sites, suggesting an important role for haemodynamic factors, particularly wall shear stress (WSS), in their development. The pattern of lesions at aortic branch sites depends on age and species. Using computational flow simulations in an idealized model of an intercostal artery emerging perpendicularly from the thoracic aorta, we studied the effects of Reynolds number and flow division under steady conditions. Patterns of flow and WSS were strikingly dependent on these haemodynamic parameters. With increasing Reynolds number, WSS, normalized by the fully developed aortic value, was lowered at the sides of the ostium and increased upstream and downstream of it. Increasing flow into the side branch exacerbated these patterns and gave rise to a reversing flow region downstream of the ostium. Incorporation of more realistic geometric features had only minor effects and patterns of mean WSS under pulsatile conditions were similar to the steady flow results. Aspects of the observed WSS patterns correlate with, and may explain, some but not all of the lesion patterns in human, rabbit and mouse aortas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reynolds number and flow division on patterns of haemodynamic wall shear stress near branch points in the descending thoracic aorta

Kazakidi

Sherwin

Weinberg

2008

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…WSS is inversely related to vessel diameter and alterations in WSS induce vascular remodeling (9). After Fontan operation, increased WSS was found in one study (12) and endothelial dysfunction has been reported that may interfere with the normal remodeling process of the PA (2,13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary artery size and function after Fontan operation at a young age

Robbers‐Visser

Helderman

Strengers

et al. 2008

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To assess pulmonary artery (PA) size, flow variables, and wall shear stress (WSS) in patients after Fontan operation at a young age. Materials and Methods:Flow in the branch PA was obtained with phase contrast velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in 14 patients before and after low-dose dobutamine stress (7.5 g/kg/min) and in 17 healthy controls at rest.Results: At rest, stroke index, total flow, average, and peak flow rate were all statistically significantly lower in patients than in controls (P Ͻ 0.001). With stress-testing, all variables increased in patients (P Ͻ 0.001), apart from stroke index, which did not change. At rest, branch PA area did not differ between patients and controls. Distensibility was lower in patients than in controls (P Ͻ 0.001). With stresstesting, area and distensibility did not change. At rest, WSS was lower in patients than in controls (P Ͻ 0.001). WSS increased with stress-testing (P Ͻ 0.001), but not to the same levels as during resting conditions of the control group.Conclusion: PA size is normal long-term after Fontan operation at a young age. Flow variables, distensibility, and WSS are significantly lower compared to healthy controls, and do not show adequate reactions with stress-testing, which is suggestive of pulmonary artery endothelial and/or vascular dysfunction.

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“…In this study, the ECs are exposed to a low flow rate at 10 dyn/cm 2 on a microfluidic device, mimicking the physiological level of flow stimulation within small or microvessels in vivo. 27,28 The design and fabrication of the microfluidic device are shown in Figs. 5(a) and 5(b).…”

Section: Assessment Of Purity Of Hipsc-derived Ecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells mimicking vascular inflammatory response under flow

et al. 2016

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Endothelial cells (ECs) have great potential in vascular diseases research and regenerative medicine. Autologous human ECs are difficult to acquire in sufficient numbers in vitro, and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer unique opportunity to generate ECs for these purposes. In this work, we present a new and efficient method to simply differentiate human iPSCs into functional ECs, which can respond to physiological level of flow and inflammatory stimulation on a fabricated microdevice. The endothelial-like cells were differentiated from human iPSCs within only one week, according to the inducing development principle. The expression of endothelial progenitor and endothelial marker genes (GATA2, RUNX1, CD34, and CD31) increased on the second and fourth days after the initial inducing process. The differentiated ECs exhibited strong expression of cellsspecific markers (CD31 and von Willebrand factor antibody), similar to that present in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, the hiPSC derived ECs were able to form tubular structure and respond to vascular-like flow generated on a microdevice. Furthermore, the human induced pluripotent stem cell-endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) pretreated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) were susceptible to adhesion to human monocyte line U937 under flow condition, indicating the feasibility of this hiPSCs derived microsystem for mimicking the inflammatory response of endothelial cells under physiological and pathological process. V C 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Large variations in absolute wall shear stress levels within one species and between species

Cited by 194 publications

References 74 publications

Effect of Reynolds number and flow division on patterns of haemodynamic wall shear stress near branch points in the descending thoracic aorta

Effect of Reynolds number and flow division on patterns of haemodynamic wall shear stress near branch points in the descending thoracic aorta

Pulmonary artery size and function after Fontan operation at a young age

Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived endothelial cells mimicking vascular inflammatory response under flow

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