Large vessel vasculopathy associated with lupus anticoagulant: A case report

Abstract

sections showed thyroid follicles and carcinoid tumour characterised by a rosette-forming uniform cells which were positive for neuroendocrine markers with a low Ki-67 proliferative index. Additional sections of tumour revealed nodules with classic architectural and nuclear features of PTC admixed with the strumal component. This case highlights the importance of careful examination and adequate sampling of ovarian teratomas for features of PTC especially in cases of struma ovarii or strumal carcinoid.A paraganglioma is a potentially malignant neuroendocrine tumour with the cells derived from the embyronal neural crests. They can arise in the sympathetic paravertabral ganglia of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis as well as along the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves in the neck and base of skull. 1 The specific incidence of paraganglioma is unknown as it is commonly described in conjunction with phaechromocytoma and together there are approximately 500-1600 cases in the United States per year. 1 Paragangliomas at different sites have been reported to have different rates of metastases, ranging from 2% (carotid and middle-ear type) to 16% (glomus vagale). 2 Overall metastatic paragangliomas and phaechromocytomas are rare, with an incidence of less than one per one million and with a long latency of up to 20 years. 2,3 Subsequently metastatic paraganglioma is not commonly encountered in daily practice and can be a mimic of other pathologies. A case demonstrating this is presented and the diagnosis was inevitably made more difficult as the incorrect medical terminology was used.