2002
DOI: 10.3354/meps241001
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Large viruses in Ross Sea late autumn pack ice habitats

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Cited by 34 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…These high modelled contact rates suggest the possible significance of viruses to the ecology of winter sea ice. Low microbial diversity (as determined for upper horizons of summer sea ice; Junge et al, 2002), increasing the probability that a cell contacted by a virus is a host, and minimal grazing on viruses and bacteria (as concluded for viruses in fall ice; Gowing et al, 2002) could further accentuate that impact. As discussed above, however, the calculated contact rates are based on assumed and poorly known fractions of bacteria (f B ) and viruses (f V ) retained in sea ice following freezing.…”
Section: Modelled Contact Rates In Winter Sea-ice Brine Inclusionsmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These high modelled contact rates suggest the possible significance of viruses to the ecology of winter sea ice. Low microbial diversity (as determined for upper horizons of summer sea ice; Junge et al, 2002), increasing the probability that a cell contacted by a virus is a host, and minimal grazing on viruses and bacteria (as concluded for viruses in fall ice; Gowing et al, 2002) could further accentuate that impact. As discussed above, however, the calculated contact rates are based on assumed and poorly known fractions of bacteria (f B ) and viruses (f V ) retained in sea ice following freezing.…”
Section: Modelled Contact Rates In Winter Sea-ice Brine Inclusionsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Although little is known about viral ecology in sea ice, some of the highest concentrations of viruses in the ocean have been found in this environment. Maximal densities of 1.0–1.3 × 10 8 viruses ml −1 were reported in Arctic sea ice during spring (numbers scaled to volume of ice sampled; Maranger et al ., 1994) and in Antarctic pack ice during summer and fall (numbers scaled to volume of melted sample; Gowing et al ., 2002; 2004). The physical process of seawater freezing, which initially includes both brine formation and rejection (until the ice becomes generally impermeable below −5°C), is unlikely to account for these high viral concentrations, because they exceed those in underlying seawater by an order of magnitude (Maranger et al ., 1994).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…such as chl a measurements). Our studies of ice communities in the Ross Sea have included the consideration of a range of microbial forms from viruses (Gowing et al 2002, Gowing 2003 and bacteria (Stewart et al 2001, Gowing et al 2004) to protists. Here, we describe the community composition of the ice biota in pack ice regions of the Ross Sea during the autumn to winter transition and during the summer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies in the autumn are rare, but the overall bacterial production is low compared to the rest of the year and exceeds that by microalgae (Grossmann and Dieckmann 1994). Grazing seems to be a minor impact, while viruses and phages are enriched 10-100 times (e.g., Gowing et al 2002;Collins and Deming 2011). Knowledge on bacterial and algal diversity and functions are rare, but the community structures seem to differ from the other seasons and are more similar to the seawater below the newly forming sea ice (Collins et al 2010).…”
Section: Autumnmentioning
confidence: 99%