We examine the possibility that the strong CP problem is solved by stringtheoretic axions in strong-coupling limit of the E 8 ×E ′ 8 heterotic string theory (M -theory). We first discuss some generic features of gauge kinetic functions in compactified M -theory, and examine in detail the axion potential induced by the explicit breakings other than the QCD anomaly of the non-linear U (1) P Q symmetries of string-theoretic axions. It is argued based on supersymmetry and discrete gauge symmetries that if the compactification radius is large enough, there can be a U (1) P Q -symmetry whose breaking other than the QCD anomaly, whatever its microscopic origin is, is suppressed enough for the axion mechanism to work. Phenomenological viability of such a large radius crucially depends upon the quantized coefficients in gauge kinetic functions.We note that the large radius required for the axion mechanism is viable only in a limited class of models. For instance, for compactifications on a smoothCalabi-Yau manifold with a vanishing E ′ 8 field strength, it is viable only when the quantized flux of the antisymmetric tensor field in M -theory has a minimal nonzero value. It is also stressed that this large compactification radius * kchoi@chep6.kaist.ac.kr 1 allows the QCD axion in M -theory to be cosmologically viable in the presence of a late time entropy production.