Large Woody Debris and Salmonid Habitat in a Small Coastal British Columbia Stream

Fausch, Kurt D.; Northcote, T. G.

doi:10.1139/f92-077

Cited by 304 publications

(227 citation statements)

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“…However, in most field studies where confounding factors are numerous, it has been found that the presence of cover has no (SAUNDERS and SMITH, 1962;FAUSCH and NORTHCOTE, 1992;FAUSCH et al, 1995;FLEBBE and DOLLOFF, 1995;GOWAN and FAUSCH, 1996;HARVEY, 1998) or even a negative effect (WILZBACH et al, 1986) on growth although increased growth rates are sometimes attributed to the presence of rootwad cover (NIELSEN, 1992) or riparian cover (VILA-GISPERT et al, 2000). Results obtained in laboratory experiments are also equivocal due to difficulties in defining working hypotheses and to methodological problems (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of Cover Structures On Biological Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Allouche¹

2002

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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This review attempts to assess the nature and the role of cover for riverine fish assemblages. Although early identified as a key factor for fish distribution, especially for salmonids, cover (i.e. woody debris, undercut banks, boulders, turbidity...) still remains the variable least considered in the studies of fish habitat relationships. This is mainly due to the diversity of ecological functions of cover structures in fish assemblages. Cover structures are structuring components of fish habitat and contribute to the biological productivity of streams. But, at the individual scale, cover fulfils three main functions: protection against predators, visual isolation reducing competition, and hydraulic shelter. In fact, the use of cover by fish results from a trade-off between the costs and the benefits associated with its use. Although the relationships between fish and cover appear extremely complex and context-specific, a growing body of evidence highlights the potential role of cover for management purposes.Key-words : cover, shelter, riverine fish, fish habitat. NATURE ET FONCTIONS DU COUVERT POUR LES POISSONS LOTIQUES. RÉSUMÉCet article décrit la typologie ainsi que les fonctions du couvert pour les poissons lotiques. Identifié très tôt comme un facteur explicatif de la distribution des poissons, principalement chez les salmonidés, le couvert (i.e. débris ligneux, sous-berges, blocs, turbidité...) demeure néanmoins la variable la moins considérée dans l'étude des relations habitat-poissons. Ceci s'explique notamment par les fonctions écologiques très diverses que le couvert remplit vis-à-vis des assemblages piscicoles. Les structures pourvoyeuses de couvert sont des agents structurants de l'habitat piscicole et contribuent à la productivité biologique des cours d'eau. Au niveau du microhabitat du poisson, le couvert remplit trois fonctions majeures : anti-prédation, isolation visuelle limitant la compétition, et abri hydraulique. En fait, l'utilisation du couvert par les poissons résulte d'un compromis entre les coûts et les bénéfices associés d'où l'extrême complexité de cette relation qui semble plutôt spécifique à un contexte donné. Malgré les difficultés d'extrapolation, de nombreux travaux mettent en évidence la signification écologique ainsi que l'utilisation potentielle du couvert pour une gestion optimale des ressources piscicoles.Mots-clés : couvert, abri, poissons lotiques, habitat piscicole.

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Section: Effects Of Cover Structures On Biological Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Allouche¹

2002

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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“…Large wood (LW) (41 m length Â 10 cm diameter) increases habitat heterogeneity by facilitating pool formation, altering stream flow, stabilizing banks, and retaining sediment and coarse organic matter (Gippel 1995;Kail 2002;Cordova et al 2007). Increased habitat complexity can increase fish species richness, density and biomass (Faush and Northcote 1992;Cederholm et al 1997;Harvey et al 1999). Several studies have shown that fish abundance and biomass increased with increased levels of in-stream LW (Probst et al 1984;Warren et al 2000) or as pools formed by LW increased (Faush and Northcote 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased habitat complexity can increase fish species richness, density and biomass (Faush and Northcote 1992;Cederholm et al 1997;Harvey et al 1999). Several studies have shown that fish abundance and biomass increased with increased levels of in-stream LW (Probst et al 1984;Warren et al 2000) or as pools formed by LW increased (Faush and Northcote 1992). In addition, pooling of water by LW can provide refuge for fish during high flow or from predators (Warren et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of large wood in Ozark headwater streams and its relationship to fish community structure

Mitchell

Entrekin

Adams

2012

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Fish community structure in headwater streams is often influenced by a suite of abiotic variables, such as water depth and flood frequency, channel substrate composition, and in-stream large wood (LW). Wood retained in streams and rivers performs a variety functions; for example, it alters flow, stores sediments, and provides habitat for aquatic biota. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify and characterize LW, (2) quantify the geomorphic functions of LW, and (3) identify the relationship between LW and fish community structure in Ozark headwater streams. Ten stream reaches with a gradient of LW were sampled in the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, AR, USA. Single LW pieces, organic accumulations, and root wads were quantified and the geomorphic function of all LW recorded. Fish were identified, enumerated, and massed. LW density in our 10-study streams ranged from 51 to 12 per 100 m 2 and 450% functioned to store sediments, stabilize banks, or retain organic matter. Larger diameter wood was associated with altered flow (r ¼ 0.64, p ¼ 0.04) and LW storing sediments tended to also stabilize banks (r ¼ 0.73, p ¼ 0.02). There was no relationship between LW metrics and total fish abundance or biomass; however, stream reaches with higher volumes of organic accumulations supported higher creek chub (r 2 ¼ 0.75, p ¼ 0.005) and southern redbelly dace biomass (r 2 ¼ 0.62, p 5 0.02). Although LW densities were among the lowest recorded for US streams, LW still played an integral role in structuring stream geomorphology and providing habitat to some dominant headwater fish species.

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“…These physical processes are especially important when considering streams which in order to support fish must exhibit clear, cool water and an array of morphological complexity Bjornn and Reiser, 1991;Fausch and Northcote, 1992). For some species, such as salmonids, spawning and incubation requires riffles and runs composed predominantly of larger sediment, with interstices free offine sediments (Bjornn and Reiser 1991).…”

Section: Riparian Zones and Morphological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, it is the diversity of microhabitat that creates conditions necessary 20 to allow the co-existence of multiple species commw1ities (Bisson et al, 1982;Hicks et al, 1991 b). The microhabitat caused by L WD contributes to fish survival by providing quality foraging areas, velocity refuges, increased depth and cover from predators (Toews and Moore, 1982;Elliot, 1986;Shirvell, 1990;McMahon and Holtby, 1992;Fausch and Northcote, 1992).…”

Section: Riparian Zones and Morphological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating riparian zones with right of way management

Scouras¹

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This study tests the applicability of using an Integrated Resource Management (IRM) strategy for more effectively managing riparian zones along electric transmission Rightofways (ROWs). A literature search revealed that while there is an extensive body of information about the importance of riparian zones in creating and maintain aquatic habitat, there has been no research conducted on the effects of transmission powerline vegetation management on riparian zones in British Columbia (BC). Further, an apparent management contradiction exists because electric utilities traditionally manage vegetation on ROWs by cutting all tall trees, whereas in most other situations, tall growing riparian communities are being preserved or restored. In response to this the primary research question for this study is "Is it possible for riparian zone function to be integrated with current vegetation management practices along electric transmission ROWs in BC?"To investigate the problem 12 separate sites across the BC Hydro transmission facility were studied. Variables were selected as indicators of four separate, but functionally related riparian ecosystem functions; energy flow, stream hydrology, bank stability and habitat complexity. Site data was collected, processed and then each case was described and evaluated independently before trends were compared between sites. Vegetation management practices were investigated by reviewing BC Hydro's documents and by conducting guided interviews with BC Hydro staff. Trends between ecosystem function and vegetation management activities were then compared to the literature to complete analysis.The key findings of the study are that traditional vegetation maintenance activities appear to have mixed, site sensitive impacts on the riparian ecosystem functions studied. BC Hydro is implementing a management process designed to integrate site specific issues and varied technical information into workplans. As a result, most of the conditions necessary for integrating riparian function with electric transmission ROWs maintenance are present in BC. Recommendations are provided which describe the remaining conditions necessary for a successful IRM approach to this issue. Hence, the project links IRM theory to a case study example and describes a set of parameters necessary to more effectively manage riparian zones along electric transmission corridors.

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Large Woody Debris and Salmonid Habitat in a Small Coastal British Columbia Stream

Cited by 304 publications

References 0 publications

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Structure and function of large wood in Ozark headwater streams and its relationship to fish community structure

Integrating riparian zones with right of way management

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