Larger is twistier: Spectral analysis of gyrification (SPANGY) applied to adult brain size polymorphism

Germanaud, David; Lefèvre, Julien; Toro, Roberto; Fischer, Clara; Dubois, Jessica; Hertz-Pannier, Lucie; Mangin, Jean‐François

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.053

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Studies of other types of XY aneuploidies are required to understand better how these chromosomes affect the STAP, but we emphasize that most of the sexual dimorphism observed in humans might be related simply to differences in brain size in the human species. Indeed, we found a close relationship between the STAP, the number of sulcal interruptions, and the brain size, consistent with a previous report of an increase of gyrification patterns in larger cortices (33). Males' larger brain size increases the number of sulcal interruptions in the left hemisphere and subsequently the STAP magnitude.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

New human-specific brain landmark: The depth asymmetry of superior temporal sulcus

Leroy

Cai

Bogart³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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168

150

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Identifying potentially unique features of the human cerebral cortex is a first step to understanding how evolution has shaped the brain in our species. By analyzing MR images obtained from 177 humans and 73 chimpanzees, we observed a human-specific asymmetry in the superior temporal sulcus at the heart of the communication regions and which we have named the "superior temporal asymmetrical pit" (STAP). This 45-mm-long segment ventral to Heschl's gyrus is deeper in the right hemisphere than in the left in 95% of typical human subjects, from infanthood till adulthood, and is present, irrespective of handedness, language lateralization, and sex although it is greater in males than in females. The STAP also is seen in several groups of atypical subjects including persons with situs inversus, autistic spectrum disorder, Turner syndrome, and corpus callosum agenesis. It is explained in part by the larger number of sulcal interruptions in the left than in the right hemisphere. Its early presence in the infants of this study as well as in fetuses and premature infants suggests a strong genetic influence. Because this asymmetry is barely visible in chimpanzees, we recommend the STAP region during midgestation as an important phenotype to investigate asymmetrical variations of gene expression among the primate lineage. This genetic target may provide important insights regarding the evolution of the crucial cognitive abilities sustained by this sulcus in our species, namely communication and social cognition.ince Geschwind and Levitsky's (1) first attempt to identify a specifically human cortical landmark, the identification of unique features of the human brain that might explain the cognitive success of the human species has remained elusive so that anatomical targets still do not exist to inform the search for genetic mutations contributing to the human cognitive phenotype. Because hemispheric asymmetry and language processing are fundamental human traits, the perisylvian language areas have been especially scrutinized for such markers, but until now none has been forthcoming. In particular, the reported asymmetries in the planum temporale and the inferior frontal region are not as robust as initially thought (1-3) and also are observed, albeit often less marked, in other primates (4). However, we show here that asymmetry of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), at the core of the human communication system, represents a species-specific perisylvian anatomical marker. This finding is consistent with functional brain imaging studies that have emphasized the importance of STS not only for language processing in the left hemisphere but also for social communication in the right hemisphere (5, 6). Notably, in the left hemisphere a hierarchy of areas sensitive to increased levels of acoustical complexity is observed along superior temporal regions and become specifically linguistic along the STS (7, 8), whereas in the right hemisphere the presence of areas involved in voice and face recognition, gaze perception, and theory o...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

New human-specific brain landmark: The depth asymmetry of superior temporal sulcus

Leroy

Cai

Bogart³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

168

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…a generalization of Fourier analysis to any kind of domain/surface). In this approach, the complexity of the power spectrum is reduced by merging levels of successive orders, assuming a folding model of branching with doublings of spatial frequency [8]. In the adult brain, 7 bands of increasing frequencies (B0-B6) have been shown relevant and sufficient to characterize the curvature patterns in regards to the mesh spatial resolution and the expected size of folding patterns.…”

Section: Methodological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meshes of outer cortical surfaces were also computed from the segmentation of cortex and cerebro-spinal fluid [12]. Among morphological parameters, we measured the area of the inner cortical surface, a sulcation index (defined as the ratio between this area and the surface area after morphological closing), and a proxi of brain size (the hemispheric volume defined as the volume inside the closed outer cortical surface [8,12]). Left and right measures were averaged in all analyses.…”

Section: Brain Segmentation and Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless there is still no quantitative way to disentangle between primary, secondary and tertiary folds in a single newborn brain. In this perspective, we examined the potential of an original method of spectral analysis of gyrification (SPANGY) [8] to describe and quantify the spatial-frequency structure of cortical folding throughout development, from the preterm period to early infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the successive waves of cortical folding in the developing brain using MRI and spectral analysis of gyrification

Dubois,

Germanaud,

Angleys

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)

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In the developing human brain, gyrification is a complex process going through the successive appearance of primary folds (from 20 weeks of gestational age GA), secondary folds (from 32w GA) and tertiary folds (around term age). While this sequence is finely described in fetuses and preterm newborns of different ages using MRI and folding indices, there is still no fully objective assessment of the folding stage at the individual level. We examined the potential of a new method of spectral analysis of gyrification (SPANGY) that was applied to cortical surfaces of 26 preterm newborns, 9 full-term newborns and 17 infants to quantify the spatial-frequency structure of folding. Based on modelling approaches, we unraveled 4 periods along the developmental sequence from 27 to 62w GA, with relevant timepoints around 31w, 36-38w, and 44-47w GA. These periods showed specific folding features, with spatial patterns of increasing frequencies.

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“…Germanaud et al [171] computed the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator to decompose meshes for left and right handed subjects. Germanaud was able to detect shallow folds and rare deep folds in the brain, which lead to the quantification and classification of brains using the Spangy method.…”

Section: Additional Methods Chapter 3 Survey Of Shape Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape analysis of the human brain.

Nitzken¹,

Joseph²

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DEDICATIONSometimes our light goes out but is blown into flame by another human being.Each of us owes deepest thanks to those who have rekindled this light. Autism is a complex developmental disability that has dramatically increased in prevalence, having a decisive impact on the health and behavior of children. Methods used to detect and recommend therapies have been much debated in the medical community because of the subjective nature of diagnosing autism. In order to provide an alternative method for understanding autism, the current work has developed a 3-dimensional state-of-the-art shape based analysis of the human brain to aid in creating more accurate diagnostic assessments and guided risk analyses for individuals with neurological conditions, such as autism. Methods:The aim of this work was to assess whether the shape of the human brain can be used as a reliable source of information for determining whether an individual will be diagnosed with autism. The study was conducted using multi-center databases of magnetic resonance images of the human brain. The subjects in the databases were analyzed using a series of algorithms consisting of bias correction, skull stripping, multi-label brain segmentation, 3-dimensional mesh construction, spherical harmonic decomposition, registration, and classification. The software algorithms were developed as an original contribution of this dissertation in collaboration with the BioImaging Laboratory at the University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering. The classification of each subject was used to construct diagnoses v and therapeutic risk assessments for each patient.Results: A reliable metric for making neurological diagnoses and constructing therapeutic risk assessment for individuals has been identified. The metric was explored in populations of individuals having autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, Alzheimers disease, and lung cancer. Conclusion:Currently, the clinical applicability and benefits of the proposed software approach are being discussed by the broader community of doctors, therapists, and parents for use in improving current methods by which autism spectrum disorders are diagnosed and understood.vi

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Larger is twistier: Spectral analysis of gyrification (SPANGY) applied to adult brain size polymorphism

Cited by 70 publications

References 43 publications

New human-specific brain landmark: The depth asymmetry of superior temporal sulcus

New human-specific brain landmark: The depth asymmetry of superior temporal sulcus

Exploring the successive waves of cortical folding in the developing brain using MRI and spectral analysis of gyrification

Shape analysis of the human brain.

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