Larger Scale Hydrogen Storage

Crotogino, Fritz

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803440-8.00020-8

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This comparative study concluded that, according to the different techno-economic and safety factors, storage in salt caverns is first in the ranking, followed by storage in depleted gas fields and storage in deep saline aquifers. Finally, hydrogen (especially pure) storage in salt caverns is preferred for several reasons [9]: the least expensive of all forms of storage, less cushion gas than storage in porous media, the possibility of several injection/withdrawal cycles, and a positive experience feedback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and predictive models of high-pressure H2 solubility in brine (H2O+NaCl) for underground hydrogen storage application

Chabab

Théveneau

Coquelet

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the context of Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS), the stored gas is in direct contact with brine (residual brine from the cavern or formation water of deep aquifers). Therefore, knowledge of the phase equilibria (solubility of hydrogen in brine and water content in the hydrogen-rich phase) in the geological reservoir is necessary for the study of hydrogen mobility and reactivity, as well as the control, monitoring and optimization of the storage. The absence of measured data of high-pressure H2 solubility in brine has recently led scientists to develop predictive models or to generate pseudo-data using molecular simulation. However, experimental measurements are needed for model evaluation and validation. In this work, an experimental apparatus based on the "static-analytic" method developed and used in our previous work for the measurement of gas solubility in brine was used. New solubility data of H2 in H2O+NaCl were measured more or less under the geological conditions of the storage, at temperatures between 323 and 373 K, NaCl molalities between 0 and 5m, and pressures up to 230 bar. These data were used to parameterize and evaluate three models (Geochemical, SW, and e-PR-CPA models) tested in this work. Solubility and water content tables were generated by the e-PR-CPA model, as well as a simple formulation (Setschenow-type relationship) for quick and accurate calculations (in the fitting range) of H2 solubility in water and brine was proposed. Finally, the developed models estimate very well the water content in hydrogen-rich phase and capture and calculate precisely the salting-out effect on H2 solubility.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and predictive models of high-pressure H2 solubility in brine (H2O+NaCl) for underground hydrogen storage application

Chabab

Théveneau

Coquelet

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the low density of hydrogen (0.089 kg/m 3 at standard temperature and pressure) and the significantly lower energy potential per unit volume of hydrogen when compared to natural gas (about one-third), means that to store energy at a scale sufficient to meet demands (terawatt-hour range) requires large volumes of hydrogen, and a vast upscaling of subsurface storage availability (e.g. Hashemi et al, 2021;Shuster et al, 2021;Crotogino, 2022;Lankof et al, 2022;Muhammed et al, 2022).…”

Section: Salt Caverns and The Emerging Hydrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential sites proposed for large-scale hydrogen storage in the subsurface include salt caverns, depleted reservoirs, saline aquifers, or hard-rock lined caverns (e.g. Lord et al, 2014;Bunger et al, 2016;Tarkowski, 2019;Zivar et al, 2021;Crotogino, 2022;Muhammed et al, 2022). Of these, salt caverns are currently the only proven option, with caverns in three salt domes in the Texas Gulf Coast, and in the bedded salt at Teeside in the UK, proving salt caverns can safely store hydrogen for decades (e.g.…”

Section: Salt Caverns and The Emerging Hydrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these data limitations, it is estimated that salt caverns might be ideal for hydrogen storage as: i) up to 10 cycles of injection and withdrawal per year might be possible at fast injection and withdrawal rates, meaning the approach is ideal for shortand medium-term storage (e.g. Tarkowski, 2019); ii) cavern shape and size can be customised, and can be stable for significant periods of time (Lord et al, 2014;Crotogino, 2022) iii) hydrogen loss by leakage is estimated to be minimal, due to the sealing nature of evaporites (low permeability to gas) even though this might be variable depending on specific characteristics of the salt formation (Crotogino et al, 2010;Lord et al, 2014;Warren, 2017;Matos et al, 2019); iv) the injection rate of hydrogen into salt caverns is not strongly dependent of complex multiphase flow phenomena (Wallace et al, 2021); salt is typically inert to hydrogen (although impurities in salt may not be and this aspect needs further research) and conversion of any water to brine reduces potential for bacterial activity (e.g. Bunger et al, 2016;Wallace et al, 2021;Crotogino, 2022); and vi) the proportion of cushion gas required is moderate compared to reservoir storage (Bunger et al, 2016).…”

Section: Salt Caverns and The Emerging Hydrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within this framework, a number of technologies have been proposed to help the transition to a stable, safe, low carbon energy economy, these include, but are not limited to: i) widespread use of carbon capture from industrial processes and subsequent sequestration within the subsurface; ii) upscaling of hydrogen production and usage requiring upscaling of subsurface hydrogen storage; and iii) wider use of geothermal energy (e.g. Ringrose and Meckel., 2019;Stephenson et al, 2019;Hashemi et al, 2021;Shuster et al, 2021;Tester et al, 2021;Crotogino, 2022;Lankof et al, 2022;Muhammed et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges

Duffy¹,

Hudec²,

Peel³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fundamental properties of salt have long been exploited in the search for hydrocarbons, as they influence many of the hydrocarbon play elements. This industrial application has driven the pursuit of salt tectonic knowledge over the last century and led to major conceptual advances in the field. However, the current need, and social-political demand, to decarbonize suggests that the applicability of salt tectonic knowledge will expand to other aspects of the subsurface that are relevant to the energy transition. The pace of this change leaves the field of salt tectonics grappling with a fundamental question – what role does salt tectonics have as part of the energy transition? Here, we discuss the role salt tectonics can play in a number of key energy transition technologies, namely, energy storage as gas in salt caverns (e.g. hydrogen and compressed air), CO2 storage, and geothermal energy. For each of these technologies we explore: i) fundamental concepts and driving forces; ii) how and why the properties of salt are of importance; and iii) the key salt-related technical challenges, potential future research directions, and technical approaches needed for large-scale development. We highlight how salt basins offer vast potential for development throughout the energy transition including, but not limited to: i) the likely demand for thousands of new hydrogen storage caverns inside salt bodies by 2050; ii) a likely early focus for porous media CO2 storage sites in basins strongly influenced by salt tectonics; and iii) enhanced geothermal energy potential in and around salt bodies. Effective exploitation of these resources will require a deeper understanding of the internal composition, geometry, and evolution of salt structures and their surrounding sediments, and potentially the development of more predictive models of salt tectonic behaviour. Critically, we see the need to integrate learnings of salt tectonics gained in the academic, mining, solution mining, and oil and gas communities, and apply a fresh perspective to answer research questions of relevance to the energy transition. Developing this new understanding will help optimise design, reduce geotechnical risk, and improve efficiency for energy transition technologies, thus indicating a strong future demand for salt tectonic research.

show abstract

Hydrogen supply chain: Current status and prospects

Monteiro

Brito

2023

Energy Storage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the current world energy scenario with rising prices and climate emergencies, the renewable energy sources are essential for reducing pollution levels triggered by carbon‐based fuels. Hydrogen rises in the world energy scenario as an important non‐carbon‐based energy able to replace fossil fuels. For this reason, the rapid development of hydrogen‐related technology has been seen in recent years. This review paper covers hydrogen energy systems from fossil fuel‐based hydrogen production, biomass and power from renewable energy sources, to hydrogen storage in compressed gases, liquefied and solid materials, and hydrogen‐based power generation technology. It represents a quiet complete set of references that may be effective in increasing the prospects of hydrogen as a fuel in the coming years. The main conclusions drawn are that natural gas and coal supply nearly all of the current hydrogen. The commercially available technologies for hydrogen production are steam methane reforming, partial oxidation, and alkaline electrolysis. The most economical methods for hydrogen production are partial oxidation, steam methane reforming, coal gasification, and biomass gasification. Metallic cylindrical reservoirs are the most promising alternative to underground storage of compressed hydrogen at large scales. Some metal compounds and composites can store a significant amount of hydrogen while maintaining reasonable adsorption and desorption kinetics. The transportation sector is likely to see widespread use of hydrogen in the future, helping to reduce pollution. Vehicles can be powered by fuel cells, which are much more efficient than internal combustion engines. There are still several obstacles in the way of widespread hydrogen utilization. The first one is that the cost of producing hydrogen from low‐carbon sources is elevated. As the cost of renewable energy declines and hydrogen production is scaled up, it is anticipated that the hydrogen production costs would decrease over the next years. Innovative technologies are expected to increase the interest on thermochemical hydrogen production to massively substitute electrochemical technologies since they are theoretically cost‐effective. More research is needed to fix concerns with some of the thermochemical cycles in order to rise its maturity. Increasing the chemical reaction conversion ratios, which can be resolved utilizing nonequilibrium reactions, is one of them. The transportation sector is likely to see extensive use of hydrogen in the future, helping to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The power required by vehicles may be supplied by fuel cells, which are more efficient than internal combustion engines.

show abstract

Larger Scale Hydrogen Storage

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Measurements and predictive models of high-pressure H2 solubility in brine (H2O+NaCl) for underground hydrogen storage application

Measurements and predictive models of high-pressure H2 solubility in brine (H2O+NaCl) for underground hydrogen storage application

The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges

Hydrogen supply chain: Current status and prospects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About