Larval exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB‐126) causes persistent alteration of the amphibian gut microbiota

Kohl, Kevin D.; Cary, Tawnya L.; Karasov, William H.; Dearing, M. Denise

doi:10.1002/etc.2905

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We hypothesize that exposure to atrazine changes gut bacterial communities of hosts because this pattern has been observed with other pollutants (Fig. 1, path c ) (Shehata et al 2013; Theriot et al 2014; Kohl et al 2015) and atrazine interacts with bacteria in the environment (Newcombe & Crowley 1999). If atrazine does alter the microbiota, we hypothesize that these changes in microbiota will be associated with changes in defenses against Bd (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…1, path c ). Other studies have found an effect of pollutants, such as PCBs and antibiotics, on microbial communities (Shehata et al 2013; Theriot et al 2014; Kohl et al 2015; Schwarz et al 2016), but in several cases, the concentrations of these chemicals were quite high. There are several potential reasons why atrazine exposure did not affect the microbiota of tadpoles or adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In hosts, exposure to pollutants, especially during formative stages of life, can induce immediate and lasting changes to gut bacterial communities (Fig. 1, path c ) (Shehata et al 2013; Kohl et al 2015). Changes to the normal gut and skin microbiota of hosts just before parasite exposure have been shown to decrease host resistance (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Do host‐associated gut microbiota mediate the effect of an herbicide on disease risk in frogs?

Knutie

Gabor

Kohl

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Ecology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental stressors, such as pollutants, can increase disease risk in wildlife. For example, the herbicide atrazine affects host defences (e.g. resistance and tolerance) of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but the mechanisms for these associations are not entirely clear. Given that pollutants can alter the gut microbiota of hosts, which in turn can affect their health and immune systems, one potential mechanism by which pollutants could increase infection risk is by influencing host-associated microbiota. Here, we test whether early-life exposure to the estimated environmental concentration (EEC; 200 μg/L) of atrazine affects the gut bacterial composition of Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles and adults and whether any atrazine-induced change in community composition might affect host defences against Bd. We also determine whether early-life changes in the stress hormone corticosterone affect gut microbiota by experimentally inhibiting corticosterone synthesis with metyrapone. With the exception of changing the relative abundances of two bacterial genera in adulthood, atrazine did not affect gut bacterial diversity or community composition of tadpoles (in vivo or in vitro) or adults. Metyrapone did not significantly affect bacterial diversity of tadpoles, but significantly increased bacterial diversity of adults. Gut bacterial diversity during Bd exposure did not predict host tolerance or resistance to Bd intensity in tadpoles or adults. However, early-life bacterial diversity negatively predicted Bd intensity as adult frogs. Specifically, Bd intensity as adults was associated negatively with the relative abundance of phylum Fusobacteria in the guts of tadpoles. Our results suggest that the effect of atrazine on Bd infection risk is not mediated by host-associated microbiota because atrazine does not affect microbiota of tadpoles or adults. However, host-associated microbes seem important in host resistance to Bd because the early-life microbiota, during immune system development, predicted later-life infection risk with Bd. Overall, our study suggests that increasing gut bacterial diversity and relative abundances of Fusobacteria might have lasting positive effects on amphibian health.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do host‐associated gut microbiota mediate the effect of an herbicide on disease risk in frogs?

Knutie

Gabor

Kohl

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Ecology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…That is, an early-life disruption of human microbiota might stimulate an under-reactive immune response to infections, in addition to the previously established over-reactive immune response to innocuous agents (allergens and host) 13 . Furthermore, several factors, such as pollutants (including antibiotics) 2, 21, 22 , nutrition 23–25 , and climate 26 can disrupt the microbiota of animal hosts, and as a consequence, they might affect infectious disease risk 27, 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life disruption of amphibian microbiota decreases later-life resistance to parasites

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in the early-life microbiota of hosts might affect infectious disease risk throughout life, if such disruptions during formative times alter immune system development. Here, we test whether an early-life disruption of host-associated microbiota affects later-life resistance to infections by manipulating the microbiota of tadpoles and challenging them with parasitic gut worms as adults. We find that tadpole bacterial diversity is negatively correlated with parasite establishment in adult frogs: adult frogs that had reduced bacterial diversity as tadpoles have three times more worms than adults without their microbiota manipulated as tadpoles. In contrast, adult bacterial diversity during parasite exposure is not correlated with parasite establishment in adult frogs. Thus, in this experimental setup, an early-life disruption of the microbiota has lasting reductions on host resistance to infections, which is possibly mediated by its effects on immune system development. Our results support the idea that preventing early-life disruption of host-associated microbiota might confer protection against diseases later in life.

show abstract

“…Given what we know regarding early life antibiotic exposure [40], might the timing of AHR activation in the gut or the skin or lung influence the microbiota as it establishes itself early in the life of the host? Interestingly, Lithobates pipiens larval exposure to PCB-126 resulted in significant and permanent changes in the gut microbiota of adult frogs [41]. However, it is not clear if these effects were mediated by direct impact on the microbiota or driven by host physiology.…”

Section: Future Studies To Advance Our Understanding Of Ahr Activity mentioning

confidence: 99%

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a moderator of host-microbiota communication

Zhang

Nichols

Patterson

2017

Current Opinion in Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important component of the host-microbiota communication network. Comparisons of wild-type and Ahr-null mice as well as from exposure studies with potent AHR ligands (e.g., 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) have provided compelling evidence that the AHR may be a master regulator of the host-microbiota interaction thus helping to shape the immune system and impact host metabolism. Metabolomics and sequenced-based microbial community profiling, two recent technological advances, have helped to solidify this host-microbiota signaling concept and identified not only how specific ligands generated by the host and by the microbiota can activate the AHR, but also how activation/disruption of the AHR can influence and shape the microbiota. We are just beginning to understand how the temporal nature and tissue- and microbiota-specific generation of AHR ligands contribute to many AHR-dependent processes. In this review, we focus on several recent advances where metabolomics and characterization of the microbiota structure and function have generated new perspectives by which to evaluate AHR activity.

show abstract

Larval exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB‐126) causes persistent alteration of the amphibian gut microbiota

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

Do host‐associated gut microbiota mediate the effect of an herbicide on disease risk in frogs?

Do host‐associated gut microbiota mediate the effect of an herbicide on disease risk in frogs?

Early-life disruption of amphibian microbiota decreases later-life resistance to parasites

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a moderator of host-microbiota communication

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About