Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India

Ravikanthachari, Nitin; Balakrishnan, Valappil; Churi, Paresh V.; Kalesh, S.; Prakash, Satya; Kunte, Krushnamegh

doi:10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550

Cited by 54 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Their caterpillars feed on host plants that use potent anti-herbivory chemical defences. At our study site, D. chrysippus caterpillars commonly fed on the locally abundant Calotropis gigantea milkweed plant (family Apocynacae), whereas A. merione caterpillars usually fed on Ricinus communis (castor oil plant) (family Euphorbiaceae) [21]. Calotropis gigantea produces white latex in stems and leaves that contain cardiac glycosides which block the activity of the Na + /K + pump of herbivores [22,23], rendering the plant poisonous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting butterfly caterpillar microbiomes does not impact their survival and development

2019

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Associations with gut microbes are believed to play crucial roles in the physiology, immune function, development and behaviour of insects. However, microbiome sequencing has recently suggested that butterflies are an anomaly, because their microbiomes do not show strong host- and developmental stage-specific associations. We experimentally manipulated butterfly larval gut microbiota and found that disrupting gut microbes had little influence on larval survival and development. Larvae of the butterflies Danaus chrysippus and Ariadne merione that fed on chemically sterilized or antibiotic-treated host plant leaves had significantly reduced bacterial loads, and their gut bacterial communities were disrupted substantially. However, neither host species treated this way suffered a significant fitness cost: across multiple experimental blocks, treated and control larvae had similar survival, growth and development. Furthermore, re-introducing microbes from the excreta of control larvae did not improve larval growth and survival. Thus, these butterfly larvae did not appear to rely on specialized gut bacteria for digestion, detoxification, biomass accumulation and metamorphosis. Our experiments thus show that dependence on gut bacteria for growth and survival is not a universal phenomenon across insects. Our findings also caution that strategies which target gut microbiomes may not always succeed in controlling Lepidopteran pests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting butterfly caterpillar microbiomes does not impact their survival and development

2019

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“…Flight is weak and fluttering. Larval hostplants are from family Fabaceae (Nitin et al, 2018) and Rhamnaceae; and as far as it is known, only Rhamnaceae for the andersoni subgroup of Eurema (Yata, 1991). They are important pollinators and are also considered as pests of some agriculturally important plants (Yata, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current distribution of Nilgiri grass yellow Eurema nilgiriensis Yata (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), with an updated taxonomic key to Eurema of Western Ghats, India

Sujitha¹,

Prasad²,

Nitin³

et al. 2019

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Eurema nilgiriensis Yata, 1990, the Nilgiri grass yellow, was described from Nilgiris in southern India. There are not many published records of this species since its original description, and it was presumed to be a high-elevation endemic species restricted to its type locality. Based on the external morphology (wing patterns) as well as the male genitalia, the first confirmed records of the species from Agasthyamalais and Kodagu in the southern Western Ghats, is provided here. This report is a significant range extension for the species outside the Nilgiris, its type locality. Ecological data pertaining to this species as well as the field identification key to all known Eurema of Western Ghats are also presented.

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“…Related to its efficacy, caricature-plant began to be developed and cultivated as an effort to fulfill raw materials for traditional medicine. The cultivation of caricature-plant is still constrained by pests, especially Doleschallia bisaltide Cramer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as caricature-plant is one of D. bisaltide host plant (Nitin et al, 2018;Orr & Kitching, 2010). This butterfly become the main pest of caricature-plant due to its ability to lay more than 20 eggs on one leaf (Sartiami et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its presence is influenced by environmental conditions and the availability of food for both the larvae and the imago (Lestari et al, 2020). Geographically, this butterfly can be found in South Asia, South East Asia, India, and Australasia (Nitin et al, 2018;Varshney & Smetacek, 2015). Currently, pest control in caricatureplant is not well developed yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLUCTUATION OF Doleschallia bisaltide LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) ON CARICATURE-PLANT (Graptophyllum pictum)

Adi

Susanti

Wijaya

2020

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Fluctuation of Doleschallia bisaltide larvae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on caricature-plant (Graptophyllum pictum).Caricature-plant cultivation is often damaged due to the attack of Doleschallia bisaltide larvae. High reproduction ability ofD. bisaltide is a serious problem that need to be managed, therefore it will not inflict a financial losses. This study was aimedto determine the fluctuation of D. bisaltide larval population in the caricature-plant plantation in Kalisoro, Tawangmangu.The observations were carried out with a survey method on five observation plots for seven months from March to September2018. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test. The results showedthat the population structure was changed during the observations with the highest larval population in May. The results ofSpearman rank correlation coefficient test showed significant and positive correlation between third, fourth, and fifth instarslarvae with the rainfall. The control of D. bisaltide can not only depend on the presence of natural enemies, therefore controlinterventions were needed especially at a suitable time and environment whne the population increased.

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Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Disrupting butterfly caterpillar microbiomes does not impact their survival and development

Disrupting butterfly caterpillar microbiomes does not impact their survival and development

Current distribution of Nilgiri grass yellow Eurema nilgiriensis Yata (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), with an updated taxonomic key to Eurema of Western Ghats, India

FLUCTUATION OF Doleschallia bisaltide LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) ON CARICATURE-PLANT (Graptophyllum pictum)

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