Larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 in response to neurotransmitter blockers and tetraethylammonium

Abstract

The metamorphic response of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, rauwolscine, idazoxan, atenolol and butoxamine, and to tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) was investigated through a series of bioassays. Chlorpromazine, amitriptyline and idazoxin inhibited larval metamorphosis induced by 10⁻⁴ M epinephrine. The concentration that inhibited metamorphosis by 50% (IC₅₀) for chlorpromazine and amitriptyline was 1.6 x 10⁻⁶ M and 6.6 x 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. Idazoxan was less effective with an IC₅₀ of 4.4 x 10¹³ M. Moreover, these three inhibitors showed no toxicity at any of the concentrations tested. The larval metamorphic response to K+ was not inhibited by 10⁻³ M tetraethylammonium chloride after 96 h. Thus, the neurotransmitter blockers chlorpromazine and amitriptyline are inhibitors of larval metamorphosis, and will be useful tools for antifouling studies.

Effects of substratum type on bacterial community structure in biofilms in relation to settlement of plantigrades of the mussel Mytilus coruscus

“…Following the primary settlement, these plantigrades can detach from their byssal threads and resettle to a new location (Bayne, 1964;Kavouras and Maki, 2003;Petrone, 2013). A number of researchers have focused on larval settlement of many species of mussels, such as Mytilus edulis (Dobretsov and Qian, 2003), Mytilus galloprovincialis (Satuito et al, 1995;Bao et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2007Yang et al, , 2011, Mytilus coruscus (Wang et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2013a,b), Perna canaliculus (Ganesan et al, 2010;Young et al, 2011), Aulacomya maoriana . However, the interaction between environmental factors and mussel plantigrade settlement has been little investigated.…”

The effects of pharmaceuticals on a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea): An examination of acute and chronic endpoints of toxicity across life stages

“…The results of the present study indicate greater sensitivity in freshwater mussels (LC50 values of 0.3-0.8 mg/L) than in daphnids. Acting as a neurotransmitter blocker, amitriptyline has been shown to inhibit larval metamorphosis in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 2.6 Â 10 À5 M ($7 mg/L) [56]. Similarly, Di Poi et al [57] reported adverse effects of amitriptyline on the embryo-larval development of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, with an EC50 value of 0.19 mg/L.…”

Voltage-gated potassium ion channel may play a major role in the settlement of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae

“…The settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates are induced by K + (Yool et al, 1986). It is generally believed that K + can depolarize the cell membrane, resulting in the induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis (Baloun and Morse, 1984), and that tetraethyl-ammonium (TEA) can control this induction by K + (Yang et al, 2011). However, previous research on oyster settlement and metamorphosis has mainly focused on the roles of adrenaline and dopamine (Steven and Dale, 1986), while the effects of K + on settlement and metamorphosis of Pacific oyster larvae remain unclear.…”