Larvicidal activity of extracts from three Plumbago spp against Anopheles gambiae

Maniafu, Barasa M; Lwande, Wilber; Ndiege, Isaiah O.; Wanjala, Cornelius C. W.; Akenga, Teresa

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000600002

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nilai LC 50 larva instar II, III, dan IV berturut-turut 0,0154, 0,0164, dan 0,0274 µ g/ml. Untuk spesies nyamuk lain, yaitu A. gambiae, nilai LC 50 dan LC 90 ekstrak heksan daun encok berturut-turut ialah 6,4 dan 26,2 µg/ml (Maniafu et al 2009). Perbedaan nilai LC 50 ekstrak heksan daun encok terhadap larva A. aegypti dan A. gambiae cukup besar karena aktivitas larvasidal yang berasal dari ekstrak tanaman sangat bervariasi, bergantung pada faktor dalam dan luar tanaman.…”

Section: Daun Encok Sebagai Insektisidaunclassified

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POTENSI DAN PROSPEK DAUN ENCOK (Plumbago zeylanica L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PESTISIDA NABATI

Rohimatun¹,

Wiratno²

2016

J. Litbang Pert.

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ABSTRAKDaun encok (Plumbago zeylanica L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aktif pestisida nabati. Plumbagin merupakan salah satu senyawa sekunder penting yang terkandung dalam tanaman ini dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aktif insektisida (Brontispa longgissima), akarisida (Amblyomma variegatum), leismanisida (Tripanosoma protozoa dan Leishmania donovani), nematisida (Aphelenchoides besseyi dan Meloidogyne incognita), fungisida (Aspergillus sp. dan Fusarium sp.), dan bakterisida (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus spp., Salmonella dan lainnya). Keefektifan senyawa sekunder daun encok sebagai bahan aktif pestisida nabati belum dipahami secara lengkap sehingga perlu diteliti agar dapat menjadi acuan bagi peneliti dan petani pengguna. Pemanfaatan daun encok sebagai bahan baku pestisida nabati diharapkan dapat menekan penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetis yang cenderung berlebihan sekaligus menciptakan keseimbangan ekologi secara berkelanjutan. Tanaman daun encok dapat diperbanyak dengan menggunakan setek dan kultur jaringan. Pemanfaatan bahan nabati, khususnya daun encok, sebagai pestisida nabati akan mengurangi ketergantungan petani pada bahan kimia sintetis sehingga dapat menghasilkan produk yang lebih berdaya saing, ramah lingkungan, dan aman bagi kesehatan. PENDAHULUAN Populasi organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) dalam sistem budi daya tanaman perlu dikendalikan secara berkelanjutan agar dampak serangannya dapat ditekan pada tingkat yang tidak merugikan secara ekonomi. Tindakan pengendalian OPT sering kali membutuhkan biaya besar. Sebagai contoh, biaya pembelian pestisida untuk mengendalikan serangan OPT pada tanaman hortikultura dapat mencapai 3040% dari total biaya produksi (Kardinan 2010). Hal ini karena petani menggunakan pestisida dengan dosis yang berlebihan. Penggunaan pestisida sintetis juga meninggalkan residu di dalam tanah maupun tanaman serta dapat menyebabkan keracunan bagi petani dan konsumen.Untuk menekan biaya pengendalian OPT dan mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan pestisida sintetis, petani diharapkan mampu memproduksi sendiri formula pestisida nabati yang bahan aktifnya banyak tersedia di sekitar kebunnya. Jenis-jenis tanaman yang telah diketahui efektif mengendalikan hama pertanian antara lain adalah pyrethrum untuk mengendalikan hama gudang (Biebel et al. 2003; Athanassiou dan Kavallieratos

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Section: Daun Encok Sebagai Insektisidaunclassified

“…Faktor dari dalam yaitu spesies, bagian tanaman yang digunakan, dan umur tanaman. Faktor dari luar meliputi metode aplikasi, asal tanaman, dan teknik budi daya (Dadang dan Prijono 2008; Maniafu et al 2009). …”

Section: Daun Encok Sebagai Insektisidaunclassified

POTENSI DAN PROSPEK DAUN ENCOK (Plumbago zeylanica L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PESTISIDA NABATI

Rohimatun¹,

Wiratno²

2016

J. Litbang Pert.

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“…In a search for larvacidal activity one study found β-sitosterol (17-(5-Ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2, 3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17 dodecahydro-1H cyclopenta [a]phenanthren-3-ol) and plumbagin. The study had utilized column chromatography and1D, 2D NMR to find out these compounds [12].…”

Section: Chemistry Of Plumbago Zeylanica Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study had utilized column chromatography and1D, 2D NMR to find out these compounds [12]. Also another journal intended at evaluating the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of extract from Plumbago zeylanica found out beta-sitosterol and gugultetrol-18-ferrulate with the help of silica gel column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis (1H and 13C NMR), Infra red and mass spectroscopy.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Plumbago Zeylanica Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Fractions from Plumbago zeylanica L (Family- Plumbaginnaceae) Root Extract

Getahun¹

2015

AJLS

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Unlike synthetic drugs plants have different phytochemical constituents which can act collectively by which helminthes cannot resist them or there could be active constituent(s) in the plant with superior potency. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic activity of both crude and fractions of Plumbago zeylanica root extract for the purpose of finding long lasting and potent medicinal plant due to significant implications of helminthes in developing countries like Ethiopia. And where traditional medicine is wide spread and of immediate alternative. In the assay, chloroform crude extracts recorded less paralysis and death time than ethanolic crude extracts. Then crude extract was subjected to column chromatography from which nine pure compounds were isolated. In addition, the isolated compounds were higher in their anthelmintic activity than crude extracts at almost all concentrations. Both crude and fractions paralyse and kill the worms with less time than that of the positive control and even less than 10 fold especially at low concentrations in case of chloroform extracts. The findings here on anthelmintic activity of the root at lower concentrations are significant and for the first time. If in vivo data are included the plant can be used as long lasting drug for helminthes.

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“…The naphthoquinone, plumbagin (197) isolated from Plumbago zeylanica ) and other plant species (Mishra et al 2010a;Mishra et al 2010b;Mishra and Tiwari 2011) exhibit larvicidal activity against An. gambiae with LC 50 value of 1.9 μg/mL (Maniafu et al 2009;Adikaram et al 2002) (Michaelakis et al 2009). However, it is difficult to discuss the SAR criteria responsible for the mosquitocidal activities in this set of compounds, presence of reduced quinine ring (ring B), hydroxyl group at C-4 and methyl group at C-3 appears to be important in imparting the mosquitocidal activity compared to others.…”

Section: Carboline Alkaloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural products as leads to potential mosquitocides

et al. 2013

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Mosquitoes are the crucial vectors for a number of mosquito-borne infectious diseases i.e. dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, malaria, Rift Valley fever, elephantiasis, Japanese Encephalitis, and Murray Valley encephalitis etc. Besides, they also transmit numerous arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) for example West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEE), Everglades virus (EVEV), Highlands J (HJ) virus, and La Crosse Encephalitis virus. The emergence of widespread insecticide resistance and the potential environmental issues associated with some synthetic insecticides (such as DDT) has indicated that additional approaches to control the proliferation of mosquito population would be an urgent priority research. The present review highlights some natural product mosquitocides that are target-specific, biodegradable, environmentally safe, and botanicals in origin.

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Larvicidal activity of extracts from three Plumbago spp against Anopheles gambiae

Abstract: Three Plumbago spp have been tested for mosquito larvicidal activity. The crude extracts exhibiting the highest larvicidal activity against Anopheles gambiae were hexane (LC 50 = 6.4 µg/mL)

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

POTENSI DAN PROSPEK DAUN ENCOK (Plumbago zeylanica L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PESTISIDA NABATI

POTENSI DAN PROSPEK DAUN ENCOK (Plumbago zeylanica L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PESTISIDA NABATI

In Vitro Anthelmintic Efficacy of Fractions from Plumbago zeylanica L (Family- Plumbaginnaceae) Root Extract

Natural products as leads to potential mosquitocides

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