Larvicidal Activity ofCassia occidentalis(Linn.) against the Larvae of Bancroftian Filariasis Vector MosquitoCulex quinquefasciatus

Abstract

Background & Objectives. The plan of this work was to study the larvicidal activity of Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. These larvae are the most significant vectors. They transmit the parasites and pathogens which cause a deadly disease like filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, and so forth, which are considered harmful towards the population in tropic and subtropical regions. Methods. The preliminary laboratory trail was undertaken to determine the efficacy of petroleum ether and N-butanol extract of dried whole plant of Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae at various concentrations against the late third instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus by following the WHO guidelines. Results. The results suggest that 100% mortality effect of petroleum ether and N-butanol extract of Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) was observed at 200 and 300 ppm (parts per million). The results obviously showed use of plants in insect control as an alternative method for minimizing the noxious effect of some pesticide compounds on the environment. Thus the extract of Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) is claimed as more selective and biodegradable agent. Conclusion. This study justified that plant Cassia occidentalis (Linn.) has a realistic mortality result for larvae of filarial vector. This is safe to individual and communities against mosquitoes. It is a natural weapon for mosquito control.

Biosynthesis, mosquitocidal and antibacterial properties of Toddalia asiatica-synthesized silver nanoparticles: do they impact predation of guppy Poecilia reticulata against the filariasis mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus?

“…Recently, a growing number of plant extracts have been found effective against C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae (e.g., Kumar et al 2014;Chitra et al 2015;Muthukumaran et al 2015). Furthermore, the T. asiatica-synthesized AgN were highly toxic against C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae; LC 50 values ranged from 16.482 (I instar larvae) to 40.719 ppm (pupae) ( (Sivapriyajothi et al 2014).…”

Larvicidal Efficacy of <i>Cleistanthus patulus</i> Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf Extract against Filarial Vector <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Say 1823)

“…quinquefasciatus. Acetone extractives of leaf of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia , hexane extract of flower of Nerium oleander (Raveen et al, 2014), petroleum ether and N-butanol extracts of Cassia occidentalis (Kumar et al, 2014), methanol extract of Cedrus deodara stem bark ) also showed potent larvicidal effect against same mosquito species.From different plant parts, several secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, essential oils etc. have been reported earlier for their mosquitocidal activities (Shaalan et al, 2005).…”

Use of Nepeta clarkei extracts for controlling honey bee pathogenic bacteria and mosquito larvae

“…Comparative sequence analyses of the sequences against GenBank repository were performed using the BLAST (Altschul et al 1990). The MEGA6 software was used for phylogenetics tree analysis (Kumar et al 2014;O'Halloran et al 2014). …”

“…Ten 4th instar larvae of Culex pipiens were introduced separately into Petri dishes containing graded concentrations according to the WHO protocol (World Health Organization 1981). After 24 h, the number of dead larvae in each dish was noticed by counting immobile larvae that were unable to reach the water surface (Kumar et al 2014). Larval mortality in control dishes was also recorded after 24 h exposure.…”