Larvicidal efficacy of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf and seed aqueous extracts against Culex pipiens L.

Abstract

Culex mosquitoes play a vital role in transmitting pathogens which continue to have a harmful impact on human beings. Indeed, Innovative vector control strategy like use of plant extracts as alternative sources of insecticidal and larvicidal agents against vector-borne diseases has become unavoidable. In this context, the purpose of the present search was to explore the larvicidal properties of Jatropha curcas L. leaf and seed extracts against Culex pipiens L. The larvicidal activity was evaluated in eight different provenances recently introduced in Tunisia (Tanzania (ARU), Mozambique (MOZ), Surinam (SUR) and Brazil represented by five provenances: Paraná (PAR), Norte de Minas (NMB), Mato Grosso (MGB), Regiao Sureste (RSB) and Vale do Fequitinhonha (VFB). The assessment of larval activity showed after 24 h of exposure, 100% mortality for aqueous seed extract and between 60 and 100% for aqueous leaf extract according to provenances. Highest mortality is observed at 1 mg/ml against C. pipiens L with LC 50 values of 0.49 and 0.5% for aqueous seed extract and leaf extract, respectively. Commonly, the mortality increase with the increase in concentration of each extract. However, the inhibitory effect of seeds extract on C. pipiens was more pronounced than that of leaves. These results suggest that the aqueous seed and leaf extracts of J. curcas have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly compound for the control of hurtful mosquito larvae.

Phytochemical analysis and larvicidal potentials of Jatropha curcas L. leaf and stem extracts against Anopheles gambiae

“…All the test larvae treated with various extracts died after 24 hours of exposure with less concentrations of the extract required to kill the larvae as time of exposure increased. The finding seemed to correlate with the report of Fatnassi et al (2014) who evaluated the larvicidal efficacy of Jatropha curcas leaf and seed aqueous extracts against Culex pipiens and reported 100% and between 60 to 100% mortality for aqueous seed extract and aqueous leaf extract after 24 hours of exposure respectively (Tomass et al, 2011). Kaushiki and Mahesh (2013) who had evaluated the phytochemicals and larvicidal activity of Jatropha curcas seed oil against Aedes aegypti reported that the hexane extract of J. curcas seed oil had highest mortality against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with values LC₅₀= 640 ppm (0.064%) after 24 hours of exposure (Kaushiki and Mahesh, 2013).…”

“…This finding is however not directly in agreement with Tomass et al (2011). In their study, Tomass et al (2011) evaluated the larvicidal effects of Jatropha curcas against Anopheles arabiensis and had reported that crude methanolic extract of J. curcas showed higher larval mortality against third instar larvae of Anopheles arabiensis than that of its column chromatographic fractions (Fatnassi et al, 2014). All the test larvae treated with various extracts died after 24 hours of exposure with less concentrations of the extract required to kill the larvae as time of exposure increased.…”

Larvicidal efficacy of Scabiosa arenaria Forssk. (Dipsacaceae) organs extracts against Culex pipiens L.

“…This activity is due to its phenolic compounds. The same applies to Fatnassi et al [33] who have worked also on a species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae (Jatropha curcas L.) and found that the larval activity after 24 h of exposure, 100% mortality for aqueous seed extract. While in our work the organic extracts especially the EtOAc fractions exhibited the best larvicidal activity.…”

In vitro Acaricidal Effect of Jatropha curcas Methanol Extract on ‎Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus larvae

“…toxicity could be attributed to the presence of many chemical ingredients such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes. Alkaloids are known to possess medicinal and pesticidal properties (Fatnassi, et al, 2014). These compounds have been reported in all parts of the plant but are more abundant in its seeds (Haas and Mittelbach, 2000).…”