Laryngeal extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma treated with DC-CTL immunotherapy: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Extra-skeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare sarcoma composed primarily of small round cells, capable of metastasizing and relapsing. Few cases of EES originating from the larynx have been reported, and no publications regarding laryngeal EES treated with dendritic cells-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (DC-CTL) immunotherapy have been found. We described a 29-year-old woman with a mass found in the larynx. Diffuse small round cells with scanty cytoplasm shown by histology test and extremely positive staining of CD99 revealed by immunohistochemistry helped determine the diagnosis of laryngeal EES. The patient survived for seven years with no signs of recurrence or metastasis after six cycles of DC-CTL immunotherapy based on traditional treatments. This case indicates that DC-CTL immunotherapy could be considered a new option for treating EES.

Fluoro-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography detects Ewing’s sarcoma of the larynx with multiple distant bone metastases: a case report and literature review

“…EWS in the larynx are rare, only nine cases have been previously reported. Laryngeal EWS lack typical clinical manifestations, presenting mainly as deep soft-tissue masses; most of the early symptoms are not obvious, but some patients may have mild local pain ( 12 ). The tumor develops rapidly and soon presents with localized swelling and severe pain, followed by localized muscle restriction and compression of the surrounding tissues.…”

“…Like most malignancies, the treatment of laryngeal EWS is dominated by surgical excision, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy performed as auxiliary empirical therapies ( 20 ). Previous studies have shown that patients who undergo radiotherapy after surgery have better prognoses; furthermore, a smaller diameter of the largest tumor correlates with a greater survival rate ( 12 , 21 , 22 ). Moreover, the prognoses of laryngeal EWS are related to the patient’s age and disease stage at the time of diagnosis.…”

“…The retrieval formula was (larynx OR throat) AND (Ewing sarcoma OR primitive neuroectodermal tumor). Through detailed layer-by-layer screening, 9 patients in 9 articles met the inclusion criteria (1,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Table 1 summarizes clinical manifestations, CT and PET/CT imaging characteristics of the 10 cases of laryngeal EWS (including our patient).…”