Laryngeal mask insertion using thiopental and low dose atracurium: A comparison with propofol

Comparison of butorphanol and thiopentone vs fentanyl and thiopentone for laryngeal mask airway insertion

“…In the fentanyl group, there was a failure rate of 14% and 25% incidence of mild coughing/gagging with 15.4% incidence of severe coughing/gagging. These results are in accordance with a previous study by Koh et al [11]. Mean apnea time in group B was significantly lower.…”

“…It is clear that successful insertion with thiopentone would require either adequate reflex suppression or a deeper plane of anesthesia. Many drugs like opioids [3], lidocaine spray [7,8], intravenous lidocaine [8], intravenous midazolam [9], low-dose suxamethonium [10], low-dose atracurium [11], etc, have been used as an adjuvant to thiopentone to improve the conditions for LMA insertion. The opioids being narcotic drugs need licensing and require distribution records maintenance.…”

What happens to the hemodynamic responses for laryngeal mask airway insertion when we supplement propofol with butorphanol or fentanyl for induction of anesthesia: A comparative assessment and critical review

“…LMA insertion has been revolutionized with the development of induction agents such as propofol which depresses pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes. [ 9 ] To overcome propofol's adverse cardiovascular depressant effects, a number of co-induction drugs such as low dose atracurium, midazolam, remifentanil, or alfentanil were introduced which significantly improves the ease and success of insertion of LMA compared with propofol alone[ 12 13 14 15 ] Opioids depress upper airway reflexes and thereby potentiate the effect of propofol. They also permit rapid titration to the effect and produce residual if not complete postoperative analgesia with minimal side effects.…”

Comparison of Sevoflurane and Propofol for Insertion of Laryngeal Mask Airway in Adults

“…airway passage makes it a very useful anaesthetic for rapid induction and recovery from anaesthesia. 8,9 Ability to induce and maintain anaesthesia with one drug, better conditions for LMA insertion, an ability to induce anaesthesia without IV access, thereby facilitating patient turnover in busy ambulatory settings are other advantages. 9,10 It has disadvantages such as more frequent incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, agitation and increased pollution of the operating room with anaesthetics when compared with IV propofol.…”

“…8,9 Ability to induce and maintain anaesthesia with one drug, better conditions for LMA insertion, an ability to induce anaesthesia without IV access, thereby facilitating patient turnover in busy ambulatory settings are other advantages. 9,10 It has disadvantages such as more frequent incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, agitation and increased pollution of the operating room with anaesthetics when compared with IV propofol. 11 Propofol has replaced IV sodium thiopental and is the currently used IV agent of choice for induction and maintenance in outpatient, short surgical procedures because of its favourable recovery profile and low incidence of side effects like pain on injection and greater respiratory depression.…”