Laryngeal mechanisms in bats for the production of orientation sounds

Novick, Alvin; Griffin, Donald R.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401480203

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Earlier denervation experiments have shown the predominant role of the cricothyroid muscle in the fine adjustment of the CF of echolocation signals of Rhinolophus ferrumequinurn (Schuller and Suga 1976) and for frequency control in other species (Novick and Griffin 1961;Suthers and Fattu 1973). The cricothyroid muscle therefore is the structure concerned with frequency control in the larynx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denervation experiments in different species of FM-bats (Novick and Griffin 1961 ;Suthers and Fattu 1973) and in P41inolophusferrumequmum (Schuller and Suga 1976) have shown that the frequency control in the larynx is mainly accomplished by the cricothyroid muscles which alter the tension of the vocal cords. These muscles are innervated by the external (motor) branch of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laryngeal nerve activity during pulse emission in the CF-FM bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Schuller

Rübsamen

1981

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Summary. The activity of the external (motor) branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), innervating the cricothyroid muscle, was recorded in the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum. The bats were induced to change the frequency of the constant frequency (CF) component of their echolocation signals by presenting artificial signals for which they Doppler shift compensated. The data show that the SLN discharge rate and the frequency of the emitted CF are correlated in a linear manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal nerve activity during pulse emission in the CF-FM bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Schuller

Rübsamen

1981

J. Comp. Physiol.

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“…less than the dimensions of the investigated structures (minimum in the range of 200 gm). Previous electrical stimulation studies of vocalization in bats (Novick and Griffin 1961;Suga et al 1973;Suthers and Fattu 1982), all lack accurate definition and verification of stimulation sites which would allow a precise attribution of distinct brain structures to the descending vocalization pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current evidence suggests that bats have a similar organization of the vocalization system, and electrical stimulation in different species (Novick and Griffin 1961 ;Suthers and Fattu 1982;Suga et al 1973;Gooler and O'Neill 1987) yielded emission of species-specific vocalizations at comparable stimulation sites in the forebrain and the brainstem. Since accurate histological localization of stimulation sites is often lacking in these investigations, the exact anatomical identification of stimulated brain structures is difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…ambiguus have been revealed mainly by electrical stimulation (e.g. Novick and Griffin 1961;Suthers and Fattu 1982;Suga et al 1973;Jiirgens 1976;Jiirgens and Pratt 1979) or chemical stimulation (Richter and Jtirgens 1986;Jiirgens and Richter 1986) to determine brain areas where species-specific vocalizations can be elicited. It is only in primates that the brain structures involved in sound production have been investigated at all levels of the central nervous system (Jfirgens 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural control of vocalization in bats: mapping of brainstem areas with electrical microstimulation eliciting species-specific echolocation calls in the rufous horseshoe bat

Schuller

Radtke‐Schuller

1990

Exp Brain Res

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Summary. 1. The functional role of brainstem structures in the emission of echolocation calls was investigated in the rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, with electrical low-current microstimulation procedures. 2. Vocalizations without temporal and/or spectral distortions could be consistently elicited at low threshold currents (typically below 10 gA) within three clearly circumscribed brainstem areas, namely, the deep layers and ventral parts of the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the deep mesencephalic nucleus (NMP) in the dorsal and lateral midbrain reticular formation and in a distinct area medial to the rostral parts of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. The mean latencics in the three vocal areas between the start of the electrical stimulus and the elicited vocalizations were 47 msec, 38 msec and 31 msec, respectively. 3. In pontine regions and the cuneiform nucleus adjacent to these three vocal areas, thresholds for eliciting vocalizations were also low, but the vocalizations showed temporal and/or spectral distortions and were often accompanied or followed by arousal of the animal. 4. Stimulus intensity systematically influenced vocalization parameters at only a few brain sites. In the caudo-ventral portions of the deep superior colliculus the sound pressure level of the vocalizations systematically increased with stimulus intensity. Bursts of multiple vocalizations were induced at locations ventral to the rostral parts of the cuneiform nucleus. No stimulus-intensity dependent frequency changes of the emitted vocalizations were observed. 5. The respiratory cycle was synchronized to the electrical stimuli in all regions where vocalizations could be elicited as well as in more ventrally and medially adjacent areas not yielding vocalizations on stimulation. 6. The possible functional involvement of the "vocal" structures in the audio-vocal feedback system of the Dopplercompensating horseshoe bat is discussed.

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Anatomical basis for audio-vocal integration in echolocating horseshoe bats

Metzner

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Neurophysiological recordings suggest that audio-vocal neurons located in the paralemniscal tegmentum of the midbrain in horseshoe bats provide an interface between the pathways for auditory sensory processing and those for the motor control of vocalization. To verify these physiological results anatomically, the projection pattern of the audio-vocally active area in the paralemniscal tegmentum was investigated by using extracellular tracer injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Several nuclei of the lemniscal auditory pathway (dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, central nucleus of the inferior colliculus, lateral superior olive) as well as the nucleus of the central acoustic tract appear to project to the paralemniscal tegmentum. Other possible sources of afferent projections are a small but distinctly labeled structure within the lateral hypothalamic area, the substantia nigra pars compacta, the deep mesencephalic nucleus, the rostral portion of the inferior colliculus, the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, and several small areas in the rhombencephalic reticular formation. No direct efferent projection from the audio-vocally active area of the paralemniscal tegmentum to primarily auditory structures was found. Instead, the main targets were structures that are involved in the control of different motor patterns. These targets include the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus and the dorsomedial portion of the facial nucleus, both of which most probably control pinna movements in cats, and the reticular formation medial and caudal to the facial nucleus and rostral to the nucleus ambiguus, which represents an area involved in the control of vocalization. Hence, the anatomical projection pattern suggests that the paralemniscal tegmentum in horseshoe bats serves as a link between the processing of auditory information and the control of vocalization and related motor patterns.

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Laryngeal mechanisms in bats for the production of orientation sounds

Cited by 58 publications

References 15 publications

Laryngeal nerve activity during pulse emission in the CF-FM bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Laryngeal nerve activity during pulse emission in the CF-FM bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Neural control of vocalization in bats: mapping of brainstem areas with electrical microstimulation eliciting species-specific echolocation calls in the rufous horseshoe bat

Anatomical basis for audio-vocal integration in echolocating horseshoe bats

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