Laryngeal reinnervation in the horse

Fulton, Ian; Stick, John A.; Derksen, F. J.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0739(02)00073-1

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The nerve-muscle pedicle graft technique involving the first cervical nerve has been established by Fulton et al 6,12 More than 350 clinical cases have since been treated with a success rate similar to that associated with prosthetic laryngoplasty. [12][13][14][15] The interval after surgery at which reinnervation occurs in horses has not been precisely determined partly because of the difficulty in identifying endoscopic signs of reinnervation. Currently, time to reinnervation after nerve transplant or nerve pedicle graft in horses is largely based on personal experience a and has been thought to occur 4 to 5 months after surgery, with 12 weeks being the shortest interval to return of function.…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5,11 After surgery, 2 reflex tests can be performed in resting horses to determine whether the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle has been reinnervated. 13,17 One test involves stretching the head of the horse as high as possible, which should result in a flicker of the left arytenoid cartilage if reinnervation has been successful. The other test involves pulling back rapidly on the commissure of the lip junction with a hooked finger or the bit, which often results in a sudden abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage if reinnervation has been successful.…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility, repeatability, and safety of ultrasound-guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the alar foramen in horses

Mespoulhès-Rivière¹,

Brandenberger²,

Rossignol³

et al. 2016

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To develop and assess the feasibility, repeatability, and safety of an ultrasound-guided technique to stimulate the first cervical nerve (FCN) at the level of the alar foramen of the atlas of horses. ANIMALS 4 equine cadavers and 6 clinically normal Standardbreds. PROCEDURES In each cadaver, the FCN pathway was determined by dissection, and any anastomosis between the first and second cervical nerves was identified. Subsequently, each of 6 live horses underwent a bilateral ultrasound-guided stimulation of the FCN at the alar foramen 3 times at 3-week intervals. After each procedure, horses were examined daily for 5 days. RESULTS In each cadaver, the FCN passed through the alar foramen; a communicating branch between the FCN and the accessory nerve and anastomoses between the ventral branches of the FCN and second cervical nerve were identified. The anastomoses were located in the upper third of the FCN pathway between the wing of the atlas and the nerve's entry in the omohyoideus muscle. Successful ultrasound-guided electrical stimulation was confirmed by twitching of the ipsilateral omohyoideus muscle in all 6 live horses; this finding was observed bilaterally during each of the 3 experimental sessions. No complications developed at the site of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that ultrasound-guided stimulation of the FCN at the alar foramen appears to be a safe and straightforward procedure in horses. The procedure may have potential for use in horses with naturally occurring recurrent laryngeal neuropathy to assess reinnervation after FCN transplantation or nerve-muscle pedicle implantation in the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle.

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Section: Conclusion and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, repeatability, and safety of ultrasound-guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the alar foramen in horses

Mespoulhès-Rivière¹,

Brandenberger²,

Rossignol³

et al. 2016

ajvr

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“…1989a,b,c; Fulton et al . 1991), the last of which has been most successful in the horse (Fulton et al . 2003).…”

Section: Surgical Treatments For Rlnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical management of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

Cramp¹,

Barakzai

2011

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN, laryngeal hemiplegia, laryngeal paralysis, ‘roaring’) is common in the equine industry with a prevalence ranging from 2.6–11% in light breeds (Raphel 1982; Lane 1987; Morris and Seeherman 1990) up to 38% in draught breeds (Brakenhoff et al. 2006; Perkins et al. 2009). There are a number of different surgical treatments currently available and more being developed. This article aims to discuss factors affecting choice of treatment and then provide an evidence‐based approach to describe surgical approaches, success rates and morbidity. Specific details of surgical methods are not given as they are readily available in surgical textbooks (Stick 2006; McGorum et al. 2007).

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“…The nerve muscle pedicle graft technique is effective in restoring upper airway flow mechanics in horses with experimentally induced laryngeal hemiplegia (Fulton et al 1991). Variations in the placement of nerve muscle pedicles are likely to affect efficacy (Cramp et al 2009a), and multiple grafts have been shown to return horses to racing within 6-8 months (Fulton et al 2003). Complications associated with this procedure are mild and rare.…”

Section: Laryngeal Reinnervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complications associated with this procedure are mild and rare. It has been reported that the nerve muscle pedicle graft technique is as effective as prosthetic laryngoplasty in returning thoroughbred horses to competitive racing (Fulton et al 2003). Thus, the nerve muscle pedicle graft technique is recommended when complications associated with other techniques are unacceptable to the owner, and when length of time between surgery and return to athletic activity is less important.…”

Section: Laryngeal Reinnervationmentioning

confidence: 99%