<abstract><p>To address the limitation of narrow field-of-view in local oral cavity images that fail to capture large-area targets at once, this paper designs a method for generating natural dental panoramas based on oral endoscopic imaging that consists of two main stages: the anti-perspective transformation feature extraction and the coarse-to-fine global optimization matching. In the first stage, we increase the number of matched pairs and improve the robustness of the algorithm to viewpoint transformation by normalizing the anti-affine transformation region extracted from the Gaussian scale space and using log-polar coordinates to compute the gradient histogram of the octagonal region to obtain the set of perspective transformation resistant feature points. In the second stage, we design a coarse-to-fine global optimization matching strategy. Initially, we incorporate motion smoothing constraints and improve the Fast Library for Approximate Nearest Neighbors (FLANN) algorithm by utilizing neighborhood information for coarse matching. Then, we eliminate mismatches via homography-guided Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) and further refine the matching using the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm to reduce cumulative errors and achieve global optimization. Finally, multi-band blending is used to eliminate the ghosting due to unalignment and make the image transition more natural. Experiments show that the visual effect of dental panoramas generated by the proposed method is significantly better than that of other methods, addressing the problems of sparse splicing discontinuities caused by sparse keypoints, ghosting due to parallax, and distortion caused by the accumulation of errors in multi-image splicing in oral endoscopic image stitching.</p></abstract>
