Las actitudes de los españoles ante las medidas de justicia transicional relativas a la Guerra Civil y al franquismo

Abstract

RESUMENSe ha hablado mucho de los determinantes institucionales de la justicia transicional (JT). Sin embargo, el conocimiento de qué variables condicionan las actitudes de los ciudadanos ante las políticas de reparación por violaciones de los derechos humanos sigue siendo escaso. En este artículo se explota una encuesta original del CIS realizada en 2008 a una muestra representativa de la población española. Un año antes, el Gobierno socialista había aprobado la conocida como "ley de Memoria Histórica", dirigida a la reparación de las víctimas de la guerra civil, la dictadura franquista y la transición a la democracia. En este trabajo analizamos las actitudes individuales ante un conjunto de políticas de JT, como las comisiones de la verdad, los juicios a los violadores de derechos humanos y las medidas de reparación simbólica. Estudiamos el efecto GH GLIHUHQWHV FRQMXQWRV GH YDULDEOHV H[SOLFDWLYDV IDFWRUHV LQGLYLGXDOHV VRFLRGHPRJUi¿FRV H LGHROyJLFRV IDFWRUHV IDPLOLDUHV \ GH VRFLDOL]DFLyQ \ ¿QDOPHQWH IDFWRUHV FRQWH[WXDOHV /RV UHVXOWDGRV UHYHODQ TXH WDQWR la ideología como la victimización de la familia del entrevistado por parte de la dictadura son muy relevantes para explicar las actitudes individuales ante las políticas de JT. Los factores contextuales (regionales) resultan, asimismo, cruciales.

Predictors of Beliefs in Intergroup Forgiveness in a Chilean General Population Sample

“…On the one hand, being on the left politically, older, and religious predict beliefs in intergroup forgiveness in the first model. The first two results are coherent with those from other studies (Aguilar et al, 2011). However, these variables are not significant in Model 4, being replaced by less distal variables, although religiousness maintains its predictive capacity in a more stable fashion.…”

“…Various studies show that religiousness plays an important role in intergroup forgiveness (Staub, Pearlman, Gubin, & Hagengimana, 2005). Finally, individuals from traumatized families or those directly affected by the violence would be expected to support transitional justice measures more strongly (Aguilar, Balcells, & Cebolla, 2011), with the extent of violence exposure (ranging from being a direct victim to having relatives or friends who were affected by it) influencing the strength of this factor as a predictor of beliefs in victims' forgiveness of perpetrators.…”

Predictors of Support toward Transitional Justice Process in Chilean General Population Sample

“…The first two results are coherent with those of other studies (Aguilar et al, 2011). However, these variables are not significant in Model 4, being replaced by less distal variables, though religiousness maintains its predictive capacity in a more stable fashion.…”

“…Furthermore, religiousness may strengthen a person's willingness to forgive, in line with the Catholic tradition. Finally, individuals from traumatized families or those directly affected by the violence would be expected to support transitional justice measures more strongly (Aguilar, Balcells, & Cebolla, 2011), with the extent of violence exposure (from being a direct victim to having relatives or friends who were affected by it) influencing the strength of this factor as a predictor of support for and appraisal of the NTRC work.…”

Determinants of approval of the work of truth commissions in the southern cone: a comparative study /Determinantes de la aprobación del trabajo realizado por las Comisiones de Verdad y Reconciliación en el cono sur: un estudio comparativo

“…Experience of collective violence moderates the attitude and response towards truth commissions and official apologies. Individuals from traumatized families or those directly affected by the violence are expected to support transitional justice measures more strongly (Aguilar, Balcells, & Cebolla, 2011). However, other studies suggest that perpetrator group members were in favour of apologies and forgetting based on forgiveness, whereas victimized group members were more critical of TRCs and apologies, more reluctant to forgive, and showed higher agreement with remembering the past and claiming reparations (Manzi & González, 2007; Manzi et al, 2004; Mullet et al, 2011; Rimé, Kanyangara, Yzerbyt, & Páez, 2011).…”