Las actividades productivas y su relación con la contaminación del agua de la Microcuenca Negroyacu, en Guaranda, Ecuador. // The productive activities and their relation with the water pollution of the Negroyacu Microcuenca, in Guaranda, Ecuador

Abstract

Se investigó las actividades productivas que realizan 84 establecimientos que están asentados en ambas márgenes del Río Guaranda, en un trayecto de 4 km antes de desembocar y formar la cuenca del Río Chimbo-Guayas. Se planteó determinar de qué manera se produce la contaminación del agua, específicamente en la microcuenca Negroyacu de la ciudad de Guaranda, Ecuador. En el recorrido propuesto para el estudio, al georeferenciar se dividió el área en 9 zonas con sus respectivos sitios de viviendas, cultivos, vías y vegetación. Resultó la zona cuatro la más contaminante como consecuencia de mayor actividad productiva por comercio y servicios; para el análisis de muestras de agua en laboratorio la contaminación se dio por presencia de nitratos, cloruros y sulfatos. Se concluye que las actividades productivas de los habitantes de la microcuenca estudiada corresponden a los sectores primario, secundario, terciario y cuaternario. Los establecimientos comerciales descargan las aguas servidas a la microcuenca, siete de diez establecimientos contaminan el agua. La presencia de algas en las zonas uno y dos es un indicador de no contaminación del agua. Los indicadores determinan que es necesario implementar acciones de manejo del agua para reducir los niveles de contaminación en la microcuenca. The productive activities of 84 establishments that are settled in both margins of the Guaranda River were investigated, with a route of 4 km before it emerges and form the basin of the Chimbo-Guayas River. It was proposed to determine how water pollution occurs, specifically in the Negroyacu micro watershed of the city of Guaranda, Ecuador. In the course proposed for the study, georeferencing was divided into 9 areas with their respective sites of housing, crops, roads and vegetation. Zone four was the most polluting as a consequence of greater productive activity by trade and services; For the analysis of water samples in the laboratory the contamination was given by the presence of nitrates, chlorides and sulfates. It is concluded that the productive activities of the inhabitants of the studied microbasin correspond to the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors. Commercial establishments discharge their wastewater to the micro watershed, and seven of ten establishments pollute the water. The presence of algae in zones one and two is an indicator of non-contamination of water. The indicators determine that it is necessary to implement water management actions to reduce pollution levels in the micro watershed.

Weaknesses and potential of green businesses in the Sub-regions of La Mojana and San Jorge, in the department of Sucre, Colombia

“…The described criteria were evaluated in the business lines found in the department of Sucre's La Mojana and San Jorge subregions. Indicators for each criterion were graded with values 0, 0.5, 1, or not applicable (N/A), according to the verification and evaluation guide of Green Business Criteria (2016). The estimate of the compliance rate was obtained using an arithmetic average, described in Equation ( 1):…”

“…Linda Estefanía Ríos Monterroza 1 * and Carlos Vergara Rivera 1 T he development of societies is largely due to global economic activities. In many cases, these activities are a permanent source of pollution, with waste dumping affecting all environmental compartments (Taco-taco et al 2017), which raises concern because of climate variability due to the continued environmental degradation (Severiche et al 2016). Despite this situation, economic prosperity, quality of life, equity, and social welfare have been placed above the protection of natural resources (Cuartas et al 2019;Salas and Ortiz 2018), demonstrating a lack of awareness, attitude, apathy, and harmonious relationship with the ecosystems (Ramírez 2015).…”