Las causas del apoyo electoral a VOX en España

Abstract

A análise visa compreender as razões pelas quais 15% dos eleitores decidiram apoiar Vox em 10 de novembro de 2019. São discutidos os fatores condicionantes anteriores à emergência desse partido. É estudada a evolução de suas intenções de voto e sua relação com a cadeia de eventos significativos que ocorreram durante 2018 e 2019, constatando-se que a preocupação com o secessionismo catalão é o principal impulso para o sucesso do partido. Finalmente, é apresentada uma análise da pesquisa para explicar as razões e características associadas ao Vox. São apresentads as diversas variaveis explicativas e seus pesos. A partir da comparação com outros partidos de direita, verificou-se que as atitudes são compartilhadas com outros eleitores de direita, entretanto, mais acentuadas e radicais. O que principalmente os diferencia é, nesta ordem: idade (juventude), autoritarismo, preocupação com a imigração e maior conservadorismo.

Pánico identitario: la cuestión demográfica en el discurso de Vox

“…Para el caso español, la irrupción de Vox ha estimulado la investigación académica, analizando los factores explicativos del fin del excepcionalismo español (Ortiz, Ruiz y González, 2020), la determinación de su naturaleza ideológica (Ferreira, 2019), y las redes de apoyo y financiación internacional, incluyendo el papel de organismos, lobbies internacionales e incluso financiación pública (Bichay, 2020;Tamayo, 2020). También se ha indagado sobre si el contexto reciente vinculado a los nacionalismos catalán y vasco, especialmente a partir del referéndum independentista catalán, puede considerarse un factor de apoyo electoral al partido (Arroyo, 2020). Respecto al discurso político, se han analizado diversos procesos semánticos observados desde la glotopolítica y desde el análisis crítico del discurso o desde el análisis de contenido con relación a los migrantes y a los menores no acompañados (Cheddadi, 2020;Camargo Fernández, 2021), al discurso…”

Gender and Immigration in VOX

“…The results achieved by VOX in the 2019 general elections are explained by electoral support for their proposals in favour of recentralisation and anti-regional autonomy and by the rise in the Spanish nationalist identification. Additionally, VOX's antiimmigration stance gained electoral support in regions that received a large number of immigrants (Arango et al, 2019;Rinken, 2019;Vampa, 2020;Climent & Montaner, 2020;Turnbull-Duarte et al, 2020); regions that also largely support a more centralized and homogeneous state (Arroyo Menéndez, 2020).…”

“…In the social realm, the attitudes of Spaniards about immigration showed that most of them were of the opinion that immigration did not constitute a significant social problem, although it scored above gender violence, insecurity, pensions, education, housing, or other social problems (Arango, Mahía, Moya & Sánchez-Montijano, 2019). Although negative attitudes were not dominant, nativist positions were rooted in a significant social minority (Arroyo Menéndez, 2020).…”

“…VOX is a radical right-wing party with the following ideologic characteristics: authoritarian conservatism, a strong Spanish nationalist ideology, opposition to what they call gender ideology and the rights of LGBT+ communities, and finally, a political policy of nativism that places them in direct opposition to immigration (Ferreira, 2019;Turnbull-Duagrte, 2019;Franquesa, 2019;Aladro & Requeijo, 2020;Arroyo Menéndez, 2020;Turnbull-Duarte, Rama & Santana, 2020).…”

“…Despite the growing academic interest generated by populism, research into VOX's ideology remains scarce due to its recent emergence in the Spanish political landscape. (Ferreira, 2019;Ramos & Büttner, 2017;Rubio-Pueyo, 2019;Aladro & Requeijo, 2020;Arroyo Menéndez, 2020;Climent & Montaner, 2020;VanderWilden, 2020). Gender based and/or feminist academic approaches to the radical right's opposition to equality is also a recent development that has not yet generated much research, although further development has occurred in northern and central European countries where radical right-wing forces have a longer political trajectory (Spierings, Zaslove, Mügge & De Lange, 2015;Kantola & Lombardo, 2019).…”