Las plantas vasculares endémicas de la Sierra Madre del Sur, México

Aragón‐Parada, Juvenal; Rodríguez, Aarón; Munguía‐Lino, Guadalupe; De‐Nova, José Arturo; Salinas‐Rodríguez, María Magdalena; Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo

doi:10.17129/botsci.2682

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…suggest that tropical dry forests promote niche conservatism and act as a mix of cradles and museums of endemism and phylogenetic diversity, as our results indicate for the SMS.The cloud forests of the Pacific slope are dissimilar in composition and structure to those in the Gulf slope and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt but share representatives of similar lineages(Ruiz- Jiménez et al, 2012;Rzedowski, 1996). The cloud and seasonally dry tropical forests in the SMS share high levels of endemism(Aragón- Parada et al, 2021), and their complex structure and restricted distribution in Mexico (<1%) make them the most endangered vegetation types in the country(Guevara, 2020;Pérez-García & Meave, 2006;Ruiz-Jiménez et al, 2012).Our findings confirm that the SMS represents an intricate phylogenetically heterogeneous scenario for the diversification of Neotropical flora, with singular elements (species and evolutionary and ecological ensembles) diverged in situ and others migrated and preserved in climatic and adaptative refugia through time. These complex patterns have been previously pointed out by studies about the diversity and distribution of specific taxa and plant communities in Mexico(Aragón-Parada et al, 2019, 2021Contreras-Medina, 2016;Munguía-Lino et al, 2015;Ruiz-Jiménez et al, 2012;Vargas-Amado et al, 2013).…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Among the vegetation types present in the SMS, temperate coniferous and oak forests are the most extended (47%), followed by seasonally dry tropical forest (24%) and cloud forest (15%), and the remaining extension (14%) is covered by tropical rain forest, tropical semideciduous forest, xerophytic scrub and other types of vegetation (Aragón-Parada et al, 2021;Morrone, 2020). The dominant climate is temperate with a wide variation in humidity that includes the humid temperate C (f), C (m), C (m) (f) and sub-humid climates C (w1), C (w2), C (w0), the humid and sub-humid warm A climates, and to a lesser extent, the semi-warm A (C) climate (Hernández-Cerda et al, 2016).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the highest degree of phylogenetic clustering comprising neo-, paleo-and super-endemism was identified in southern Mexico, where the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) represents the main mountain range with 7016 plant species and 1133 endemic taxa (Aragón-Parada et al, 2021;Espinosa et al, 2016). Floristics of the SMS have been evaluated at different taxonomic and geographical levels, highlighting areas with high values of richness and endemism (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Floristics of the SMS have been evaluated at different taxonomic and geographical levels, highlighting areas with high values of richness and endemism (e.g. Aragón-Parada et al, 2021;Contreras-Medina, 2016;Sosa et al, 2018;Tejero-Díez et al, 2016). Identifying areas of phylogenetic endemism in this province and classifying them into neoand paleo-endemism could help to understand the evolutionary processes driving the diversification of its flora, which is crucial to highlight conservation priorities given the actual biodiversity loss since the Anthropocene (Jetz et al, 2004;Mishler et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial phylogenetics of the flora in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico: Evolutionary puzzles in tropical mountains

Aragón‐Parada

Carrillo-Reyes

Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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AimTo test explicitly whether the Sierra Madre del Sur includes areas with significant neo‐, paleo‐ and mixed endemism and to explore possible environmental drivers implied in their high species richness and spatial phylogenetic patterns.LocationSierra Madre del Sur, Mexico.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsSpecies richness, species endemism, phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism were analysed through a categorical analysis of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism for a set of 91493 unique records. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis tests for multiple comparisons of environmental variables among phylogenetic endemism categories were conducted.ResultsThe area includes 9524 species with 1133 endemics. The spatial distribution of species richness, endemism and phylogenetic metrics is heterogeneous. Species richness has a strong correlation with weighted endemism and weighted phylogenetic endemism. Neoendemism is mainly concentrated in the pine‐oak forest at higher elevations, paleo‐endemism in pine‐oak forest and seasonally dry tropical forest at lower elevations; mixed and super‐endemism were located in the cloud forest and its ecotones with the pine‐oak forest, tropical rain forest and seasonally dry tropical forest. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences only for elevation, precipitation and temperature.Main conclusionsThe Sierra Madre del Sur includes areas of neo‐, paleo‐ and mixed endemism heterogeneously distributed, representing an evolutionary puzzle of phylogenetic diversity promoted by environmental complexity. Recent diversification is suggested for areas of neoendemism, mainly in regions of pine‐oak forest and seasonally dry tropical forest, where elevation, seasonality and precipitation are variable. Areas of paleo‐ and mixed endemism indicate the preservation of ancient lineages in cloud forest and tropical forest. The Sierra Madre del Sur represents an intricate scenario for the diversification of Neotropical flora, with singular elements diverged in situ and others migrated and preserved in climatic and adaptative refugia through time.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial phylogenetics of the flora in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico: Evolutionary puzzles in tropical mountains

Aragón‐Parada

Carrillo-Reyes

Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Journal of Biogeography

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“…This calculates the number of observed species divided by the natural logarithm of the area in km2 (IB = E/lnA), where E is the number of recorded species and A the area 32 . Species-richness and endemism of the mountain karst forest of Mexico, was also compared to non-karst areas surroundings the study area, such as the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO 33,34 ) and the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS 35, 36 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Diverse are the Mountain karst Forests of Mexico?

Molina-Paniagua

Melo

Ramírez‐Barahona

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tropical forests on karstic relief (karst forest) are among the most species-rich biomes. These forests play pivotal roles as global climate regulators and for human wellbeing. Their long-term conservation could be central to global climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In Mexico, karst landscapes occupy 20% of the total surface and are distributed mainly in the southeast of the country, along the eastern slope, and in the Yucatan Peninsula. Within each of these areas, the following types of karst occur: coastal karst, plain karst, hill karst, and low-, medium and high-mountain karst. Mountain karst forests cover 2.07% of Mexico’s surface and are covered by tropical rainforests, montane cloud forests, and tropical deciduous forests. It is probably one of the most diverse biomes in Mexico. However, the Mountain karst forest of Mexico has received little attention, and very little is known about it. Here, we evaluate the vascular plant species richness within the mountain karst forests of Mexico. We assembled the first, largest and most comprehensive datasets of Mexican, mountain karst forest species, from different public databases (CONABIO, GBIF, IBdata-UNAM), which included a critical review of all data. The families, genera and species present within the mountain karst forest of Mexico were compiled. Taxa that best characterize the forest of Mexico were identified based on their spatial correlation to this biome. Also, the conservation status of each of them was determined. We explored biodiversity patterns, identifying areas with the highest species richness, endemism centers, and areas of relatively low sampling intensity. We found that within the mountain karst forest of Mexico there are representatives of 11,771 vascular plant species (253 families and 2,254 genera), ca. 50 % of the Mexican flora. We identified 372 species endemic to these forests. According to preliminary IUCN red list criteria, 2,477 species are under some category of conservation risk, of which 456 (3.8 %) are endangered. Most of the Mexican karst forests have been extensively explored and six allopatric, species-rich areas were identified. Compared to other regions in the world, the mountain karst forest of Mexico is one of the most diverse biomes. It contains more species than some entire montane systems in Mexico such as Sierra Madre Oriental, and Sierra Madre del Sur. Also, the mountain karst forest of Mexico is most diverse than similar forests of South America and Asia, even if considering the effect of different sampling areas. The fact that mountain karst forest is covered by some of the most species-rich Mexican forests, in addition to being embedded in areas of high biotic diversity in Mexico, probably contributes to its great floristic diversity. Thus, the mountain karst forest of Mexico is an important source of diversity and shelters a large percentage of the Mexican flora.

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