Las venas abiertas de América Latina en la era del Antropoceno: Un estudio biofísico del comercio exterior (1900-2016)

Infante-Amate, Juan; Urrego-Mesa, Alexander; Aragay, Enric Tello

doi:10.15517/dre.v21i2.39736

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…31 After World War I, Russia ceased being a major exporter of agricultural products 13 while exports from Latin America became increasingly important in the early 20th century. 32 The ''Great Acceleration'' of agricultural trade Since World War II, a new dynamic of land system change and international trade set in, part of the ''Great Acceleration,'' 10,11 which resulted in further-and qualitatively different-industrialization and globalization of land systems. Trade in agricultural and forestry products grew at increased rates in absolute terms, even though fossil fuels emerged as the most important material category in terms of globally traded volume.…”

Section: Llmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition

et al. 2021

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Global land systems are increasingly shaped by international trade of agricultural products. An increasing number of studies have quantified the implications of agricultural trade for single different aspects of land system sustainability. Bringing together studies across different sustainability dimensions, this review investigates how global agricultural trade flows have affected land systems and resulting impacts on food and nutrient availability, natural habitat conversion, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem carbon storage. We show that the effects of trade on land systems are highly heterogeneous across regions and commodities, revealing both synergies and trade-offs between improved nutrition and environmental conservation. For instance, we find that while the concentration of cereal production in North America has spared land, the increased demand for tropical products induced by trade has negatively impacted tropical ecosystems. Based on the current state of knowledge, we identify six pathways for how future research can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how agricultural trade can positively contribute to meeting global sustainability goals.

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Section: Llmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition

et al. 2021

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“…The deficit in fibres (where global trade was nevertheless dominated by US cotton exports) was more than compensated for by coal exports, especially from the UK, but also Germany, the US and even Japan (importing countries are not specified, but cf. Infante-Amate et al, 2020 and Rubio et al, 2010 on Latin America). Compared to the overwhelming role of biomass in material extraction and consumption (Figure 2b), fossil energy played a relatively much greater role in trade already at this early date – total developed country fossil fuel exports alone sums to 143.5 Mt (Bairoch, 1993: 61).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trade in the Anthropocene: A review of trends and direction of environmental factor flows during the Great Acceleration

Brolin¹,

Kander²

2020

The Anthropocene Review

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Global trade is a neglected topic in debates on the Anthropocene, but plays an implicit role in several suggested definitions of it. Trade’s role in shifting environmental burdens around the globe differed substantially between the Columbian Exchange (1492−1800), the Industrial Revolution (~1800−1950) and the Great Acceleration (post-1950). However, this systematic state-of-the-art review shows that the more than 350 global studies of trade-embedded environmental factors all centre on the Great Acceleration. An underlying concern here is whether environmental factor flows are to the economic and/or environmental benefit of all, a case of the rich exploiting the poor, or merely the inadvertent consequence of differences in environmental efficiency. We point out similarities in the trends and direction of flows between major world regions and between developed and developing countries. Factors such as land, virtual water, HANPP and eutrophying pollutants that are related to the organic economy (or direct biomass flows), primarily flow from regions where population density is low to where it is high, and are only secondarily affected by affluence. Indicators such as energy, airborne pollutant emissions and greenhouse gasses that are related to the mineral economy (fossil fuel, metal and mineral use) tend to flow from developing to developed countries, and are explained either by higher consumption rates or greater environmental efficiency in affluent countries, which has similar consequences for net flows. We weave the shifting trends and directions of flows during the Great Acceleration into a coherent story. Finally, returning to the period before the Great Acceleration, we argue the need for global studies of trade-embedded factor flows before 1950 to test ideas on the character and origins of the Anthropocene, and to accomplish this suggest either geographically extending quantitative long-term national and/or commodity studies, or environmentally extending recently compiled global monetary bilateral trade data for the pre-1950 period.

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“…In the 1990s, and since 2000, Colombia's agri-food trade balance profile was quite the opposite of the exporter profile for the entire Latin America region (Falconí, Ramos-Martin and Cango, 2017; Infante-Amate, Urrego-Mesa and Tello Aragay, 2020). But before the 1990s the trade balance was also in deficit, around 1.6 Tkcal in 1961-1993 and 0.8 Tkcal during the first half of the century (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Calories In Tradementioning

confidence: 98%

Food Security, trade specialization, and violence in Colombia (1916-2016)

Urrego-Mesa¹

2021

Invest. Hist. Econ.

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Socioeconomic and historical approaches can contribute to the understanding of the relationship between food security, agricultural trade, and armed conflicts in developing countries. While the market-based perspective advocates that trade is a useful way to maintain food security nationally, other works suggest that trade liberalization and agro-export specialization have threatened food security since the 1980s, especially the self-sufficiency capacity. In Colombia, this agrarian change to agro-export specialization and food dependence has also been linked to the surge of the second wave of violence (c. 1980). Is there a dichotomy between trade and self-sufficiency during the Colombian twentieth century? Did armed conflict contribute to the specialization in agro-exports during the Second Globalization? This work contributes to the dichotomic debate between food security and agricultural trade with a more nuanced view along throughout the twentieth century and confirms a long-term relationship going from violence and international prices towards tropical specialization.

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Las venas abiertas de América Latina en la era del Antropoceno: Un estudio biofísico del comercio exterior (1900-2016)

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition

Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition

Global trade in the Anthropocene: A review of trends and direction of environmental factor flows during the Great Acceleration

Food Security, trade specialization, and violence in Colombia (1916-2016)

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