Laser Ablation – Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: An Approach for Rapid Radiocarbon Analyses of Carbonate Archives at High Spatial Resolution

Welte, Caroline; Wacker, Lukas; Hattendorf, Bodo; Christl, Marcus; Fohlmeister, Jens; Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M.; Robinson, Laura F.; Andrews, Allen H.; Freiwald, André; Farmer, Jesse; Yeman, Christiane; Synal, H.-A.; Günther, Detlef

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01659

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Radiocarbon analyses from the top section of speleothem Bu4 suggest that the stalagmite was actively growing when removed (Fohlmeister et al, 2012;Welte et al, 2016). Bu4 shows evidence for three potential hiatuses (Fig.…”

Section: Th/u-datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and structure of the 8.2 ka event reconstructed from three speleothems from Germany

Waltgenbach

Spötl

Riechelmann

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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The most pronounced climate anomaly of the Holocene was the 8.2 ka cooling event. We present new 230 Th/U-ages as well as high-resolution stable isotope and trace element data from three stalagmites from two different cave systems in Germany, which provide important information about the structure and climate variability of the 8.2 ka event in central Europe. In all three speleothems, the 8.2 ka event is clearly recorded as a pronounced negative excursion of the δ 18 O values and can be divided into a 'whole event' and a 'central event'. All stalagmites show a similar structure of the event with a short negative excursion prior to the 'central event', which marks the beginning of the 'whole event'. The timing and duration of the 8.2.ka event are different for the individual records, which may, however, be related to dating uncertainties. Whereas stalagmite Bu4 from Bunker Cave also shows a negative anomaly in the δ 13 C values and Mg content during the event, the two speleothems from the Herbstlabyrinth cave system do not show distinct peaks in the other proxies. This may suggest that the speleothem δ 18 O values recorded in the three stalagmites do not primarily reflect climate change at the cave site, but rather large-scale changes in the North Atlantic. This is supported by comparison with climate modelling data, which suggest that the negative peak in the speleothem δ 18 O values is mainly due to lower δ 18 O values of precipitation above the cave and that temperature only played a minor role. Alternatively, the other proxies may not be as sensitive as δ 18 O values to record this centennial-scale cooling event. This may particularly be the case for speleothem 13 C values as suggested by comparison with a climate modelling study simulating vegetation changes in Europe during the 8.2 ka event. Based on our records, it is not possible to resolve which of these hypotheses is most appropriate, but our multi-proxy dataset shows that regional climate evolution during the event was probably complex, although all δ 18 O records show a clear negative anomaly.

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Section: Th/u-datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and structure of the 8.2 ka event reconstructed from three speleothems from Germany

Waltgenbach

Spötl

Riechelmann

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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“…ETH Zürich has further improved spatially resolved and rapid analysis of radiocarbon ( 14 C) in carbonates such as stalagmites by optimising a new LA‐based sample introduction system (Welte et al . ). The formation rate and conversion efficiency for CO and CO 2 increased with decreasing laser wavelength, with best results from an ArF excimer operating at λ = 193 nm (Welte et al .…”

Section: Advances In Accelerator‐based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The significant potential of a radio frequency quadrupole system had also been demonstrated for measurements of 182 Hf, with suppression of WF À 5 from HfF À 5 achieved using a Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm (Leopold et al 2014). ETH Z€ urich has further improved spatially resolved and rapid analysis of radiocarbon ( 14 C) in carbonates such as stalagmites by optimising a new LA-based sample introduction system (Welte et al 2016). The formation rate and conversion efficiency for CO and CO 2 increased with decreasing laser wavelength, with best results from an ArF excimer operating at k = 193 nm (Welte et al 2017).…”

Section: New Set-ups and Technical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Linge

Bèdard

Bugoi

et al. 2017

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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This GGR biennial critical review covers developments and innovations in key analytical methods published since January 2014, relevant to the chemical, isotopic and crystallographic characterisation of geological and environmental materials. In nine selected analytical fields, publications considered to be of wide significance are summarised, background information is provided and their importance evaluated. In addition to instrumental technologies, this review also presents a summary of new developments in the preparation and characterisation of rock, microanalytical and isotopic reference materials, including a précis of recent changes and revisions to ISO guidelines for reference material characterisation and reporting. Selected reports are provided of isotope ratio analyses by both solution-nebulisation MC-ICP-MS and laser ablation-ICP-MS, as well as of radioactive isotope geochronology by LA-ICP-MS. Most of the analytical techniques elaborated continue to provide new applications for geochemical analysis, however it is noted that instrumental neutron activation analysis has become less popular in recent years, mostly due to the reduced availability of nuclear reactors to act as a neutron source. Many of the newer applications reported here provide analysis at increasingly finer resolution. Examples include atom probe tomography, a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information, nanoscale SIMS, for isotopic imaging of geological and biological samples, and micro-XRF, which has a spatial resolution many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional XRF

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“…This sample was used opportunistically in a first attempt at locating the bomb 14 C rise by LA-AMS within an otolith. The set-up used for these initial measurements is described in Welte et al (2016); the sample was ablated by a 193-nm laser (ArF excimer laser: Ex5, GAM LASER, Orlando, FL, USA) with a rectangular spot measuring 110 Â 680 mm in its focus. A helium carrier gas flow rate of ,1.5 mL min À1 was used to transport the gases formed during laser ablation (including CO and CO 2 ) into the gas ion source of the MICADAS for 14 C analysis.…”

Section: Laser Ablation Accelerator Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, red snapper otoliths were analysed for 14 C using a novel laser ablation-accelerator mass spectrometry (LA-AMS) technique to provide a continuous record of 14 C uptake (Welte et al 2016) and a basis for age validation that may extend beyond the normal limits of bomb 14 C dating. This approach may reveal the location in the otolith cross-section where bomb-produced 14 C rises in a single continuous measurement (youngest to oldest material and covering the lifespan of the fish).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser ablation–accelerator mass spectrometry reveals complete bomb 14C signal in an otolith with confirmation of 60-year longevity for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)

Andrews

Yeman²,

Welte³

et al. 2019

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Bomb-produced 14C has been used to make valid estimates of age for various marine organisms for 25 years, but fish ages that lead to birth years earlier than the period of increase in 14C lose their time specificity. As a result, bomb 14C dating is limited to a minimum age from the last year of prebomb levels because the temporal variation in 14C in the marine surface layer is negligible for decades before c. 1958. The longevity of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the Gulf of Mexico remains unresolved despite various forms of support for ages near 50–60 years. Although the age and growth of red snapper have been verified or validated to a limited extent, some scepticism remains about longevity estimates that exceed 30 years. In this study, red snapper otoliths were analysed for 14C using a novel laser ablation–accelerator mass spectrometry technique to provide a continuous record of 14C uptake. This approach provided a basis for age validation that extends beyond the normal limits of bomb 14C dating with confirmation of a 60-year longevity for red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Laser Ablation – Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: An Approach for Rapid Radiocarbon Analyses of Carbonate Archives at High Spatial Resolution

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Climate and structure of the 8.2 ka event reconstructed from three speleothems from Germany

Climate and structure of the 8.2 ka event reconstructed from three speleothems from Germany

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Laser ablation–accelerator mass spectrometry reveals complete bomb 14C signal in an otolith with confirmation of 60-year longevity for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)

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