Laser Ablation of Doped Polymer Systems

Lippert, Thomas; Yabe, Akira; Wokaun, Alexander

doi:10.1002/adma.19970090203

Cited by 83 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The first step for the development of polymers sensitive to 308-nm irradiation was the designing of various photolabile compounds for physical doping (solvent mixing) of polymers [117,118]. The best results have been achieved by using triazene (-N=N-N-) or pentazadiene compounds (-N=N-N(R)-N=N-).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

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Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements.Keywords Laser ablation · Ablation mechanism · Photopolymers · Polyimide · Spectroscopy This was not always true, of course. For many years, the laser was viewed as "an answer in search of a question". That is, it was seen as an elegant device, but one with no real useful application outside of fundamental scientific research. In the last two to three decades however, numerous laser applications have moved from the laboratory to the industrial workplace or the commercial market. Lasers are unique energy sources characterized by their spectral purity, spatial and temporal coherence, and high average peak intensity. Each of these characteristics has led to applications that take advantage of these qualities: -Spatial coherence: e.g., remote sensing, range finding and many holographic techniques. -Spectral purity: e.g., atmospheric monitoring based on high-resolution spectroscopies. -and of course the many other applications in communication and storage, e.g., CDs.All of these high-tech applications have come to define everyday life in the late twentieth century. One property of lasers, however, that of high intensity, did not immediately lead to "delicate" applications but rather to those requiring "brute force". That is, the laser was used in applications for removing material or heating. The first realistic applications involved cutting, drilling, and welding, and the laser was little more advanced than a saw, a drill, or a torch. In a humorous vein A.L. Schawlow proposed and demonstrated the first "laser eraser" in 1965 [4], using the different absorptivities of paper and ink to remove the ink without damaging the und...

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

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150

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“…Although our ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis show main component of Thermanox is PET, no literature is available to help elucidate its ablation mechanism since a little amount of additives can change the laser ablation behavior strongly [26]. Its ablation and micropatterning behavior differs from PET in two points: (1) the micropattern is much deeper at the same fluence; (2) the peak of the micropattern is narrower while that of PET is sinusoidal as same as the energy distribution in interference pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Laser interference lithography as a new and efficient technique for micropatterning of biopolymer surface

Shen

et al. 2005

Biomaterials

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“…The ablation of doped polymers was reviewed in 1997 by Lippert et al [121] and the polymers and the ablation mechanism were classified according to the absorption properties of the absorber-polymer system. The properties changed from systems, where only the dopant is absorbed, to systems, where absorption occurs only in the polymer.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dopants that were used ranged from polyaromatic compounds to compounds that contained photochemically active groups [121].…”

Section: Doped Pmma For Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%