Laser ablation synthesis of carbon–phosphides from graphene/nanodiamond–phosphorus composite precursors: Laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

Rationale Carbon–phosphides are new and promising strategic materials with applications e.g. in optoelectronics. However, their chemistry and methods of synthesis are not completely understood, and only a limited number of C–P clusters have been detected up to now. Laser ablation synthesis (LAS) or laser desorption ionisation (LDI) has great potential to generate CmPn clusters in the gas phase and to act as the basis for the development of new technology. Methods The LAS of carbon phosphides using mixtures of nano‐carbon sources (graphene, nanodiamonds) with phosphorus allotropes (red, black, and phosphorene) was examined. Since phosphorene is not commercially available, it was synthesised. A reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer was used to produce and identify the C–P clusters. A transmission electron microscope was used to characterise the prepared composites. Results LDI of various carbon–phosphorus composites generated a range of carbon–phosphides. From graphene–red phosphorus, CmP+ (m = 3–47), CmP2+ (m = 2–44), CmP3+ (m = 1–42), CmP4+ (m = 1–39), CmP5+ (m = 1–37), CmP6+ (m = 1–34), CmP7+ (m = 1–31), CmP8+ (m = 1–29), CmP9+ (m = 1–26), CmP10+ (m = 1–24), CmP11+ (m = 1–21), and CmP12+ (m = 1–19) clusters were detected, while nanodiamond composites with red/black phosphorus and with phosphorene yielded C24P5 + 2n+ (n = 0–28), C24P5 + 2n+ (n = 0–16), and C24P5 + 2n+ (n = 0–14) clusters, respectively. In total, over 300 new carbon–phosphide clusters were generated. Conclusions The novel series of carbon–phosphide clusters generated from graphene or nanodiamond composites with red/black phosphorus or with phosphorene demonstrated rich carbon–phosphide chemistry that might inspire the development of novel nano‐materials with specific properties.

Laser Ablation Generation of Bismuth Selenide Clusters from Mixtures of Elements, Crystalline Bi2Se3, or Thin Films: Laser Desorption Ionization (LDI) and Surface Assisted LDI Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry using Graphene and Nanodiamonds

“…Bismuth selenide clusters can be generated from the mixtures of bismuth and selenium elements or from crystalline Bi 2 Se 3 or thin films, while being detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometer works here as a kind of synthesizer . The results show that a rich family of bismuth-selenide clusters is generated in both the positive and negative ion modes, while a higher number of clusters is detected in the positive ion mode.…”

“…The mass spectrometer works here as a kind of synthesizer. 30 The results show that a rich family of bismuth-selenide clusters is generated in both the positive and negative ion modes, while a higher number of clusters is detected in the positive ion mode. In total, 20 bismuth selenide clusters were generated, and out of them four new clusters BiSe The symbol +/− means that clusters were detected in both positive and negative ion modes.…”

N/P-Doped MoS2 Monolayers as Promising Materials for Controllable CO2 Capture and Separation under Reduced Electric Fields: A Theoretical Modeling

“…Recently, one specific structure of carbon phosphide has been reported to capture CO 2 with an electric field of 0.0020 au . However, only a few limited C–P clusters can be synthesized under very harsh reaction conditions at present, and it is difficult to manufacture carbon phosphide . So, the purpose of this study is to search for experimentally available materials with reduced strength of electric field for reversible CO 2 capture.…”

“…20 However, only a few limited C−P clusters can be synthesized under very harsh reaction conditions at present, and it is difficult to manufacture carbon phosphide. 21 So, the purpose of this study is to search for experimentally available materials with reduced strength of electric field for reversible CO 2 capture. The two-dimensional (2D) material MoS 2 has many excellent properties, such as low cost and high stability, and has been widely used in the fields of ion batteries, sensors, capacitors, catalysts, and adsorbents.…”