Laser action in nanowires: Observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation

Zimmler, Mariano A.; Bao, Jiming; Capasso, Federico; Müller, Sven; Ronning, Carsten

doi:10.1063/1.2965797

Cited by 243 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…mode spacing) for a Fabry-Perot cavity is given by Δλ = λ 2 [2L(nλdn/dλ)] -1 . Using reported values for n (2.4) and dn/dλ (-0.015 nm -1 ) at λ = 387 nm, 11 and L = 8.1 μm determined by SEM imaging, Δλ is calculated at 1.53 nm, which agrees well with the experimentally observed mode spacings of 1.6 nm. The observed redshift in lasing modes at higher excitation pump energies is a result of bandgap renormalization with the semiconductor nanowire, which causes longer wavelengths to be preferentially amplified.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…This geometrical arrangement enables the optical characterization of single vertical nanocavities by using a focused beamspot smaller than the distance between adjacent nanowires, as well as high-resolution photoluminescence imaging by UVlaser scanning confocal microscopy Lasing has been observed in ZnO structures including micropillars, nanowires, and nanorods. 3,[7][8][9][10][11] Investigation of the lasing characteristics of high density ZnO nanowire arrays has shown that high quality single-crystalline ZnO nanowires constitute ideal lasing nanocavities, which provide both a gain medium and a resonant cavity due to reflection at the planar endfacets. 12,13 Lasing emission of a single nanowire placed horizontally on a substrate was first demonstrated in 2001 and subsequent work has developed a further understanding of the lasing mechanism in ZnO nanostructures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging Single ZnO Vertical Nanowire Laser Cavities Using UV-laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

2009

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confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Single ZnO Vertical Nanowire Laser Cavities Using UV-laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

2009

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“…These peaks correspond to the longitudinal cavity modes that are formed when the propagation losses are compensated by gain, allowing the photonic modes to resonate between the reflective NW end-facets. 33 As the pump intensity approaches the lasing threshold, the emission output exhibits a superlinear increase (Figure 2b), which is expected. At I ex > 0.78 J/cm 2 , the spectrum is dominated by the sharp emission lines with an intensity several orders of magnitude greater than the spontaneous emission background.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

“…Lastly, the confinement losses (or mode intensity losses) in thin NWs is more significant than in the thick NWs. 33 Therefore, to achieve the lasing in thinner NWs, higher laser pump fluence is needed to compensate for these losses, resulting in higher photogenerated carrier densities. Hence, a larger blue shift of the lasing wavelengths in the thin NWs compared to the thick NWs is therefore expected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Lasing Modes in Semiconductor Nanowire Cavities Using Intrinsic Self-Absorption

et al. 2013

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Understanding the optical gain and mode-selection mechanisms in semiconductor nanowire (NW) laser is key to the development of high-performance nanoscale oscillators, amplified semiconductor/plasmon lasers and single photon emitters, etc. Modification of semiconductor band structure/bandgap through electric field modulation, elemental doping or alloying semiconductors has so far gained limited success in achieving output mode tunability of the NW laser. One stifling issue is the considerable optical losses induced in the NW cavities by these extrinsic methods that limit their applicability. Herein we demonstrate a new optical self-feedback mechanism based on the intrinsic self-absorption of the gain media to achieve lowloss, room-temperature NW lasing with a high degree of mode selectivity (over 30 nm). The cadmium sulfide (CdS) NW lasing wavelength is continously tunable from 489 nm to 520 nm as the length of the NWs increases from 4 to 25 m. Our straightforward approach is widely applicable in most semiconductor or semiconductor/plasmonic NW cavities. Single crystalline semiconductor Fabry-Pé rot or whispering gallery nanowire (NW) cavity possessing naturally formed flat facets for good optical feedback is an ideal gain media for light amplification. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] They are considered as one of the most important and promising routes to realizing miniaturized nanolasers and amplifiers. [11][12][13] Recent groundbreaking work on utilizing semiconductor NW cavities to compensate the damping loss and amplify the collective electron oscillations in plasmon nanocavities has kindled even greater interests in this field. 2,13,14 For practical applications, the ability to tailor the NW cavity mode is essential for developing multi-color miniaturized lasers, and critical for optimizing the resonant energy transfer between the cavity and the coupled system. 15 For a II-VI or III-V NW Fabry-Pé rot cavity, it is generally accepted that the output laser wavelength is determined by the bandgap of semiconductor NW. 11 To date, there is only limited success in tuning the optical cavity modes through (a) electric field modulation; and (b) elemental doping of the semiconductors. 6,9,16 In the former approach where the bandgap is modulated via the Franz-Keldysh or Stark effects, the NW cavities are highly susceptible to damage and only narrow tunability around 10 nm is demonstrated; 17 while in the later approach, the NW cavities are prone to structural defects induced by the dopants, thereby restricting the cavity gain. Keywords: Cadium sulfide, nanowire cavity, Urbach tail, Waveguide, lasingThough broadband tunable lasing wavelengths spanning 100 nm or more have been demonstrated in ternary semicondutor NW cavities, 18 cavity gain is however limited by the structural defects formed during the growth phase. 7,16 Use of extrinsic optical feedback such as photonic crystals to achieve better mode selectivity is another approach. However, the high-cost and complicated fabrication required, together with th...

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“…More interest in nanotechnology is growing due to the novel properties of nanomaterials and their potentials for applications in many fields. For example, nanowires can be potentially used in nanophotonics, lasers (Zimmler et al, 2008), nanoelectronics (Javey et al, 2007), solar cells (Tsakalakos et al, 2007), resonators (Tanner et al, 2007) and sensors (Fan et al, 2005). They could also be used as catalysts (Haruta et al, 1993), functional coatings, in nanoelectronics (Garnett et al, 2007) and energy storage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Nanoparticles in Biological Systems and their Role in Therapeutical Treatment of Tuberculosis and Cancer

Meena¹,

Singh²,

Sahare³

et al. 2014

JLA

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The kind of interactions which nanoparticles show in the biological systems is very interesting. Nanoparticles (NPs) on entering the living system immediately come in contact with proteins which serve many applications of nanoparticles including bio-signalling, therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Moreover, many inorganic oxide nanoparticles can also serve the purpose of antibacterial/antiviral by assisting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of nanoparticles in therapeutics is very significant and increasing day-by-day as it assures better treatment to the patient by enhancing activity of drug, improving bioavailability, flexibility in deciding route of administration and long term stability of drug resulting in better treatments of diseases. NPs such as solid lipid NPs, polymeric NPs, porous NPs, liposomes are being used for treatment of various types of diseases. Numerous carriers based drug delivery systems incorporating anti-TB drugs have been developed for target site actions. NPs encapsulating anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel have also been developed for treatment of different types of cancers. Results of these studies give hopes to the researchers for the use of nanoparticles in the field of therapeutics. The NPs can be toxic as well as nontoxic to the biological system. Therefore, some adverse effects, such as, cytotoxicity on inhaling some kinds of nanoparticles must be kept in mind for judicious use of such systems during synthesis or during handling. The paper describes recent developments in the field by reviewing the available literature.

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Laser action in nanowires: Observation of the transition from amplified spontaneous emission to laser oscillation

Cited by 243 publications

References 13 publications

Imaging Single ZnO Vertical Nanowire Laser Cavities Using UV-laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Imaging Single ZnO Vertical Nanowire Laser Cavities Using UV-laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Tailoring the Lasing Modes in Semiconductor Nanowire Cavities Using Intrinsic Self-Absorption

Interaction of Nanoparticles in Biological Systems and their Role in Therapeutical Treatment of Tuberculosis and Cancer

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