Laser array field correlations in underwater turbulence

Baykal, Yahya; Ata, Yalçın; Gökçe, Muhsin Caner

doi:10.1080/09500340.2022.2159085

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Higher-order cosh-Gaussian beams exhibit focusing characteristics on oceanic turbulence, with beam size at the receiver plane adjusting according to the turbulence severity [28]. Laser beam array incidences in underwater turbulence reveal field correlations, affected by various factors and indicating that turbulence diminishes the field correlation of laser arrays [29]. These insights underscore the profound effect of underwater turbulence on optical transmission, underscoring an urgent need for further research to advance underwater optical communications and sensing technologies in the face of turbulence-related challenges [30].…”

Section: Underwater Turbulence's Influence On Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Average over the underwater turbulence statistics [29] Laser beam array incidences reveal field correlations Over the past five years, the study of light transmission mechanisms and behavior in turbulent environments has remained a focal point, but it appears underemphasized. Recent research efforts have concentrated on modeling and interference mitigation to address turbulence's effects on light.…”

Section: No Turbulence Conditions Optical Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakthrough Underwater Physical Environment Limitations on Optical Information Representations: An Overview and Suggestions

Li,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JMSE

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Underwater optics have seen a notable surge of interest in recent years, emerging as a critical medium for conveying information crucial to underwater resource exploration, autonomous underwater vehicle navigation, etc. The intricate dynamics of underwater optical transmission, influenced by factors such as the absorption by the water and scattering by multiple particles, present considerable challenges. One of the most critical issues is that the optical information representation methods fail to take into account the impact of the underwater physical environment. We conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of recent advancements in underwater optical transmission laws and models. We summarized and analyzed relevant research on the effects of underwater particles and turbulence on light and analyzed the polarization effects in various environments. Then, the roles of various types of underwater optical propagation models were analyzed. Although optical models in complex environments are still mostly based on Monte Carlo methods, many underwater optical propagation mechanisms have been revealed and can promote the impacts of optical information expression. We delved into the cutting-edge research findings across three key domains: the enhancement of underwater optical image quality, the 3D reconstruction from monocular images, and the underwater wireless optical communication, examining the pivotal role played by light transmission laws and models in these areas. Drawing upon our extensive experience in underwater optics, including underwater optical sensor development and experiments, we identified and underscored future directions in this field. We advocate for the necessity of further advancements in the comprehension of underwater optical laws and physical models, emphasizing the importance of their expanded application in underwater optical information representations. Deeper exploration into these areas is not only warranted but essential for pushing the boundaries of current underwater optical technologies and unlocking new potential for their application in underwater optical sensor developments, underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and beyond.

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Section: Underwater Turbulence's Influence On Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: No Turbulence Conditions Optical Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakthrough Underwater Physical Environment Limitations on Optical Information Representations: An Overview and Suggestions

Li,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Correlations of multimode optical incidences in a turbulent biological tissue

Baykal,

Gökçe,

Gerçekcioğlu

et al. 2023

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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In a turbulent biological tissue, field correlations at the observation plane are found when a multimode optical incidence is used. For different multimode structures, variations of the multimode field correlations are evaluated against the biological tissue turbulence parameters, i.e., the strength coefficient of the refractive-index fluctuations, fractal dimension, characteristic length of heterogeneity, and the small length-scale factor. Using a chosen multimode content, for specific biological tissue types of liver parenchyma (mouse), intestinal epithelium (mouse), upper dermis (human), and deep dermis (mouse), field correlations are evaluated versus the strength coefficient of the refractive-index fluctuations and small length-scale factor. Again, with a chosen multimode content, behavior of the field correlations is studied against the strength coefficient of the refractive-index fluctuations for various diagonal lengths and the transverse coordinate at the observation plane. Finally, the field correlation versus the strength coefficient of the refractive-index fluctuations is reported for different single modes, which are special cases of multimode excitation. This topic is being reported in the literature for the first time, to our knowledge, and the presented results can be employed in many important biological tissue applications.

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Field correlations of multimode optical beams in underwater turbulence

Baykal,

Gökçe,

Ata

et al. 2024

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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For multimode optical beams, field correlations at the receiver plane are found in underwater turbulence. Field correlations of single high order beams in underwater turbulence are special cases of our formulation. Variations of field correlations against the underwater turbulence parameters and the diagonal length from various receiver points are examined for different multimode and single high order beams. Stronger underwater turbulence is found to reduce the field correlations of multimode and single high order optical beams. The results will be of help in heterodyne detection analysis and fiber coupling efficiency in an underwater medium experiencing turbulence.

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Laser array field correlations in underwater turbulence

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Breakthrough Underwater Physical Environment Limitations on Optical Information Representations: An Overview and Suggestions

Breakthrough Underwater Physical Environment Limitations on Optical Information Representations: An Overview and Suggestions

Correlations of multimode optical incidences in a turbulent biological tissue

Field correlations of multimode optical beams in underwater turbulence

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