Laser Based Detection of Paraffin in Crude Oil Samples: Numerical and Experimental Study

Zaman, M. S.; Agha, K.R.; Islam, M.R.

doi:10.1081/lft-200043681

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When the experiment was performed in a smooth-walled glass pipe, the amount of wax deposition was reduced. In actual production, it can be found that, as the running time of the pipeline increases, the increase in the thickness of wax deposition gradually slows, indicating that, as the running time increases, the wax deposition rate gradually decreases, which is also consistent with the previous study by Valinejad et al This may be due to the fact that, as the thickness increases, the thermal resistance between the oil flow and the outside heat transfer increases, and the amount of heat dissipation decreases, thereby slowing the wax deposition rate …”

Section: Characteristics Of Wax Deposition In Single-phase Pipelinesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…the thickness increases, the thermal resistance between the oil flow and the outside heat transfer increases, and the amount of heat dissipation decreases, thereby slowing the wax deposition rate. 71 Prediction Models of Wax Deposition in Single-Phase Pipeline. Crude oil wax deposition models are categorized based on the thermodynamic models and kinetic models, and the research on both can be traced back to the 1980s.…”

Section: Hernandez Et Al 96mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wax and Wax–Hydrate Deposition Characteristics in Single-, Two-, and Three-Phase Pipelines: A Review

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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In the oil pipeline transportation system, wax deposition will reduce the effective circulation area, weaken the overall pipeline transportation capacity, and even block the pipeline, which seriously threatens the safety of the pipeline flows. In the actual production of oil fields and the transportation of oil products, except for the single-phase waxy crude oil, under most conditions, operations are performed using multiphase mixed transportation, so it is necessary to determine the wax deposition characteristics in those pipeline systems. In this Review, three new wax deposition mechanisms proposed in recent years and several typical experimental devices were summarized, the wax deposition in oil–water and oil–gas flow systems and the wax–hydrate coupling deposition in oil–gas–water flow system flows were concluded; the mathematical models were also categorized based on the three flow systems. Meanwhile, it highlighted the fact that, in the two-phase flow, because of the complexity of the flow pattern and the presence of the second interface on the wax deposition process, independent theoretical research on the mechanism of wax deposition is particularly necessary; based on this, a more-accurate wax deposition prediction model can also be developed. For the coupled deposition of wax-hydrate in the three-phase flow system, experimental instruments such as FBRM, PVM and molecular dynamics simulations could be used to study the distribution characteristics and interaction rules of wax crystals and hydrate particles from a microscopic perspective. On the other hand, the mechanism of wax crystal and hydrate coupling deposition by additives such as antiwax agents, hydrate inhibitors, antipolymerization agents, and pipeline transportation conditions can be investigated experimentally to better control the deposition process during pipeline operation and ensure the safe flow in the transportation system.

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Section: Characteristics Of Wax Deposition In Single-phase Pipelinesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Hernandez Et Al 96mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax and Wax–Hydrate Deposition Characteristics in Single-, Two-, and Three-Phase Pipelines: A Review

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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“…The use of ultrasound and laser spectroscope has proven to be successful in determining the presence of small solid particles and paraffin within paraffin-containing oil samples [120]. However, these approaches were only performed on a laboratory scale.…”

Section: Approaches To Determine the Presence Of Wax In Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative method of measuring and evaluating wax deposition in pipelines was employed, which determined light absorption through a source of light and a detector circuit attached within a pipe [120]. On a laboratory scale, this detector circuit proved its capability to detect the impurity, even at a very small percentage.…”

Section: Approaches To Determine the Presence Of Wax In Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Formed in Developing Wells and Pipelines

et al. 2019

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Deposition and precipitation of paraffin wax in pipelines are major problems in the production, transfer, storage, and processing of crude oil. To prevent complete clogging, it is necessary to minimize and remove deposited wax in pipelines and tubing. Significant research has been done addressing the mechanisms of wax formation and its composition. In this review, the status of research and perspectives on the occurrence and characterization of the paraffin wax that forms in crude oil developing wells and pipelines has been critically reviewed. Several approaches for detecting paraffin wax and managing wax formation damage during oil recovery were discussed. This review also highlighted the effects of temperature and crude oil type on wax formation.

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“…Since the wax will cause corrosion, blockage, and erosion, it is necessary to use a non-destructive method to monitor its thickness in the pipes. To date, various methods have been used to assess the wax deposition inside the pipes, including 1) non-nuclear methods such as attenuation of laser light [2] and pressure difference [3,4] and 2) nuclear methods such as neutron backscattering [5,6], gamma-rays transmission [7,8], and prompt-gamma neutron activation [9], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an experimental method based on Compton backscattering to measure the wax thickness in petroleum pipelines

kochakpour¹,

Taheri²,

Askari³

2021

J. Inst.

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A: Wax deposition inside pipelines is a major concern in oil and gas industries, and it must be continuously monitored. In this paper, a mathematical-experimental combined method based on the Compton scattering was proposed to determine the thickness of the wax deposited inside the industrial pipes. For this purpose, first, the relationship between the intensity of the backscattered gamma-rays and the thickness of the wax inside the pipe was mathematically modeled. Then, an experimental setup was prepared for measuring the intensity of the backscattered gamma-rays from the pipes with different wall thicknesses and different wax widths. Finally, the experimentally measured counts were used by the mathematical model to calculate the wax thickness. The obtained results revealed that using this method, the wax thickness can be determined with a mean error of less than 5%. K: Inspection with gamma rays; Gamma detectors (scintillators, CZT, HPGe, HgI etc); Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators)

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Laser Based Detection of Paraffin in Crude Oil Samples: Numerical and Experimental Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Wax and Wax–Hydrate Deposition Characteristics in Single-, Two-, and Three-Phase Pipelines: A Review

Wax and Wax–Hydrate Deposition Characteristics in Single-, Two-, and Three-Phase Pipelines: A Review

Occurrence and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Formed in Developing Wells and Pipelines

Development of an experimental method based on Compton backscattering to measure the wax thickness in petroleum pipelines

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