Laser beam micro-machining under water immersion

Alahmari, Abdulrehman M.; Ahmed, Naveed; Darwish, S.M.

doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7699-5

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These behaviors are not discriminately addressed in open literature except for a few like exceptional behavior of Al 2 O 3 : lower etching rate, greater surface coarseness and porosity, and lesser bending strength after laser ablation in water [165,173]. The influences of laser parameters on micro-channels geometry (width, depth and taperness) is studied in [174] as shown in Fig. 35.…”

Section: Parametric Effects Of Uwlamentioning

confidence: 95%

Laser Beam Machining, Laser Beam Hybrid Machining, and Micro-channels Applications and Fabrication Techniques

Darwish

Ahmed

Al‐Ahmari

2016

Advanced Structured Materials

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Laser beam machining (LBM) has proven its applications and advantages over almost all the range of engineering materials. It offers its competences from macro machining to micro and nano-machining of simple-to-complex shapes. The flipside of LBM is the existence of universal problems associated with its thermal ablation mechanism. In order to alleviate or reduce the inherent problems of LBM, a massive research has been done during the past decade and in turn build a relatively new route of laser-hybrid processes. The hybrid approaches in laser ablation have demonstrated much improved results in terms of material removal rate, surface integrity, geometrical tolerances, thermal damage, metallurgical alterations and many more. This chapter reviews the research work carried out so far in the area of LBM and its hybrid processes for different materials and shapes.

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Section: Parametric Effects Of Uwlamentioning

confidence: 95%

Laser Beam Machining, Laser Beam Hybrid Machining, and Micro-channels Applications and Fabrication Techniques

Darwish

Ahmed

Al‐Ahmari

2016

Advanced Structured Materials

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“…Both the values were found to be identical. Noncontact methods were earlier also used for depth measurement . Average surface roughness (Ra) of the engraved area was measured using Mitutoyo contact surface roughness tester (RJ‐201).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noncontact methods were earlier also used for depth measurement. [16,27,28] Average surface roughness (Ra) of the engraved area was measured using Mitutoyo contact surface roughness tester (RJ-201). Average roughness value (Ra) is the most common parameter to be considered in case of laser engraving of surfaces such as PMMA and Inconel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of surface defects in low‐power CO₂ laser engraving of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite

Prakash

2019

Polymer Composites

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Glass fiber‐reinforced polymers (GFRP) possess excellent structural qualities making it superior to steels and various allied materials in terms of strength and durability. The machining of GFRPs is relatively tough and slow on conventional machining systems. Also, tool life can be significantly reduced while working on such advanced materials with conventional machining processes. Lasers have been proved as a very efficient machine tool for cutting of several newly developed engineering materials. Low‐power lasers can be effectively used for ablating a thin layer or inducing customized surface structures on the target surfaces. Polymer‐reinforced composites act as a multilayered material having significant difference in melting and vaporization temperature between glass fibers and polymer matrix. In this experimental work, GFRP was used as a substrate material and a low‐power CO2 laser was utilized for engraving over a GFRP surface at different amounts of energy deposition. Unidirectional GFRPs were engraved by laser‐engraving process at three different defocusing positions with the overall objective to investigate the surface quality and engraving depth. To study anisotropic effects of the material, laser engraving was performed into two different directions, that is, along the fiber and perpendicular to fiber. Surface roughness and machined depth were investigated as a function of fiber direction. It was observed that surface roughness as well as ablation depth of the laser‐engraved surface hugely depend on fiber direction. It was also found that defocusing results in adverse surface conditions unlike other materials. Based on the results obtained, simple regression‐based mathematical models have been developed to predict engraved depth as a function of energy deposition. The developed models were validated for engraving depth up to 300 μm.

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“…While distilled water is selected because it is the most frequently used medium for the LA-LBMM process, the selection of ethylene glycol is based on its higher viscosity and density. The substrate is submerged in distilled water, and ethylene glycol with the liquid film thickness maintained at 1 mm as suggested in the literature [17,18]. The focal point of the laser spot is maintained at the top surface of the substrate material for machining both in the air and in the liquid medium, as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modeling Study of Liquid-Assisted—Laser Beam Micromachining of Smart Ceramic Materials

Parmar

James

2018

JMMP

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Smart ceramic materials are next generation materials with the inherent intelligence to adapt to change in the external environment. These materials are destined to play an essential role in several critical engineering applications. Machining these materials using traditional machining processes is a challenge. The laser beam micromachining (LBMM) process has the potential to machine such smart materials. However, laser machining when performed in air induces high thermal stress on the surface, often leading to crack formation, recast and re-deposition of ablated material, and large heat-affected zones (HAZ). Performing laser beam machining in the presence of a liquid medium could potentially resolve these issues. This research investigates the possibility of using a Liquid Assisted-Laser Beam Micromachining (LA-LBMM) process for micromachining smart ceramic materials. Experimental studies are performed to compare the machining quality of laser beam machining process in air and in a liquid medium. The study reveals that the presence of liquid medium helps in controlling the heat-affected zone and the taper angle of the cavity drilled, thereby enhancing the machining quality. Analytical modeling is developed for the prediction of HAZ and cavity diameter both in air and underwater conditions, and the model is capable of predicting the experimental results to within 10% error.

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Laser beam micro-machining under water immersion

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Laser Beam Machining, Laser Beam Hybrid Machining, and Micro-channels Applications and Fabrication Techniques

Laser Beam Machining, Laser Beam Hybrid Machining, and Micro-channels Applications and Fabrication Techniques

Experimental investigation of surface defects in low‐power CO₂ laser engraving of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite

Experimental and Modeling Study of Liquid-Assisted—Laser Beam Micromachining of Smart Ceramic Materials

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Laser beam micro-machining under water immersion

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Laser Beam Machining, Laser Beam Hybrid Machining, and Micro-channels Applications and Fabrication Techniques

Laser Beam Machining, Laser Beam Hybrid Machining, and Micro-channels Applications and Fabrication Techniques

Experimental investigation of surface defects in low‐power CO2 laser engraving of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite

Experimental and Modeling Study of Liquid-Assisted—Laser Beam Micromachining of Smart Ceramic Materials

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Experimental investigation of surface defects in low‐power CO₂ laser engraving of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite