Laser-beam scintillations for weak and moderate turbulence

Baskov, Roman; Chumak, O. O.

doi:10.1103/physreva.97.043817

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The power spectrum model given by Eqs. (9) and (10) is the second of the two main results of our paper. It gives the analytic description of optical turbulence with two advected quantities while each of them may have Prandtl or Schmidt numbers in interval [3,3000].…”

Section: Practical Example: Oceanic Refractive-index Spectrummentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Let us now analytically derive the expression for the scintillation index of the spherical wave in the water channel described by spectrum in Eqs. (9) and (10). According to the Rytov perturbation theory it takes form…”

Section: The Scintillation Index Of a Spherical Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing interest in the development of optical underwater imaging systems [1], laser communications [2][3][4] and remote sensing schemes [5] stipulates the request for the accurate predictions of the oceanic turbulence effects on the light wave evolution. Such effects can be characterized with the help of the parabolic equation, the Rytov approximation, the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral and other classic methods as long as the refractive-index power spectrum of turbulent fluctuations is established [6][7][8][9]. As applied to oceanic propagation, the theoretical predictions for the major light statistics of the optical waves have been established (see recent review [10]) on the basis of the widely known power spectrum developed by Nikishovs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wide-range Prandtl/Schmidt number power spectrum of optical turbulence and its application to oceanic light propagation

et al. 2019

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Light influenced by the turbulent ocean can be fully characterized with the help of the power spectrum of the water's refractive index fluctuations, resulting from the combined effect of two scalars, temperature and salinity concentration advected by the velocity field. The Nikishovs' model [Fluid Mech. Res. 27, 8298 (2000)] frequently used in the analysis of light evolution through the turbulent ocean channels is the linear combination of the temperature spectrum, the salinity spectrum and their co-spectrum, each being described by an approximate expression developed by Hill [J. Fluid Mech. 88, 541562 (1978)] in the first of his four suggested models. The fourth of the Hill's models provides much more precise power spectrum than the first one expressed via a non-linear differential equation that does not have a closed-form solution. We develop an accurate analytic approximation to the fourth Hill's model valid for Prandtl/Schmidt numbers in the interval [3, 3000] and use it for the development of a more precise oceanic power spectrum. To illustrate the advantage of our model, we include numerical examples relating to the spherical wave scintillation index evolving in the underwater turbulent channels with different average temperatures, and, hence, different Prandtl numbers for temperature and different Schmidt numbers for salinity. Since our model is valid for a large range of Prandtl number (or/and Schmidt number), it can be readily adjusted to oceanic waters with seasonal or extreme average temperature and/or salinity or any other turbulent fluid with one or several advected quantities.

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Section: Practical Example: Oceanic Refractive-index Spectrummentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: The Scintillation Index Of a Spherical Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wide-range Prandtl/Schmidt number power spectrum of optical turbulence and its application to oceanic light propagation

et al. 2019

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“…The evolution equation for PDF is derived from Heisenberg's equation. Although in more general case its evolution is gathered by Boltzmann-Langevin equation [29] which takes to account whole range of possible changes in photon momentum due to collisions with atmosphere inhomogeneities, for reasonably long distances (see [30]) description with collisionless Boltzmann equation…”

Section: Photon Distribution Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourth-order moment of the light field in atmosphere

Baskov¹,

Chumak²

2020

J. Opt.

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Collisionless Boltzmann equation is used to describe the intensity correlations in partially saturated and fully saturated regimes in terms of photon distribution function in the phase space. Explicit expression for fourth moment of the light fields is obtained for the case of moderate and strong turbulence. Such expression consists of two terms accounting for two regions in the phase space that independently contribute to the correlation function. It is shown that present solution agrees with previous results for fully saturated regime. Additionally it embodies the effect of partially saturated radiation where the correlations of photon trajectories are important and the magnitude of the scintillation index is well above the unity. Fourth moment is used to study the fluctuations of transmittance which consider the effect of finite detector aperture.

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“…Baskov and Chumak developed a new method. They derived the Boltzmann-Langevin kinetic equation from the first principles of quantum optics and the scintillation index was obtained for the practically important range of weak and moderate atmospheric turbulence [30]. After more than half a century of efforts, the theory of optical wave propagation in atmospheric turbulence has made great progress.…”

Section: Theoretical Studies Of Kolmogorov Turbulent Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Structure of Atmospheric Turbulence in Atmosphere and Related Turbulent Effects

Fa-zhi¹,

Du²,

Yuan³

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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The Earth’s atmosphere is the living environment in which we live and cannot escape. Atmospheric turbulence is a typical random inhomogeneous medium, which causes random fluctuations of both the amplitude and phase of optical wave propagating through it. Currently, it is widely accepted that there exists two kinds of turbulence in the aerosphere: one is Kolmogorov turbulence, and the other is non-Kolmogorov turbulence, which have been confirmed by both increasing experimental evidence and theoretical investigations. The results of atmospheric measurements have shown that the structure of atmospheric turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere is composed of Kolmogorov turbulence at lower levels and non-Kolmogorov turbulence at higher levels. Since the time of Newton, people began to study optical wave propagation in atmospheric turbulence. In the early stage, optical wave propagation in Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence was mainly studied and then optical wave propagation in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence was also studied. After more than half a century of efforts, the study of optical wave propagation in atmospheric turbulence has made great progress, and the theoretical results are also used to guide practical applications. On this basis, we summarize the development status and latest progress of propagation theory in atmospheric turbulence, mainly including propagation theory in conventional Kolmogorov turbulence and one in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence. In addition, the combined influence of Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov turbulence in Earth’s atmosphere on optical wave propagation is also summarized. This timely summary is very necessary and is of great significance for various applications and development in the aerospace field, where the Earth’s atmosphere is one part of many links.

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Laser-beam scintillations for weak and moderate turbulence

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Wide-range Prandtl/Schmidt number power spectrum of optical turbulence and its application to oceanic light propagation

Wide-range Prandtl/Schmidt number power spectrum of optical turbulence and its application to oceanic light propagation

Fourth-order moment of the light field in atmosphere

A Survey of Structure of Atmospheric Turbulence in Atmosphere and Related Turbulent Effects

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