Laser cladding as repair technology for Ti–6Al–4V alloy: Influence of building strategy on microstructure and hardness

Paydas, Hakan; Mertens, Anne; Carrus, Raoul; Lecomte-Beckers, Jacqueline; Tchuindjang, Jérôme Tchoufack

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.035

Cited by 172 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Laser clad Ti-6Al-4V has also been reported to show a grain morphology differing from conventional cast Ti-6Al-4V as a result of the cooling process it undergoes. Solidification and cooling during the laser deposition process is rapid due to the thermal differential between the melt-pool and the previously solidified material/substrate [9]. Thus, for laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V, a Widmanstatten or martensitic structure (columnar growth) has been reported [10], whilst metal-mold cast Ti-6Al-4V form an equiaxed prior grain beta morphology [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machining of Additively Manufactured Parts: Implications for Surface Integrity

Oyelola

Crawforth

M’Saoubi³

et al. 2016

Procedia CIRP

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Additive manufacturing methods continue to move towards production ready technologies with the widely extolled virtues of rapid transition from design to part and enhanced design freedoms. However, due to fundamental limitations of laser based processes for metal additive manufacturing, there is a significant ongoing need for these parts to be subject to additional machining operations. This paper reports on a study to investigate the machining behavior and surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V components which have been produced by direct metal deposition using wire feedstocks. Simple geometries are produced and the resulting effect of tooling type is reported. Inhomogeneities in the deposition process as a result of non-uniform cooling and porosity are shown to have a deleterious effect on the surface integrity of the resulting part and the machinability of such components. In addition, strategies for the machining of AM parts which consist of graduated material structures are also proposed here.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machining of Additively Manufactured Parts: Implications for Surface Integrity

Oyelola

Crawforth

M’Saoubi³

et al. 2016

Procedia CIRP

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“…Besides, because of the extreme cost of materials and labor for fabricating high-value component, it is also necessary to repair all those components which are affected milling ball indentation and cutter pull out, which occur during the manufacturing process [1,2]. New repairing technologies should overcome the limitations of the actual ones and be able to operate in the maintenance facility, which would avoid transporting it in a repairing workshop or sending the worn-out part to the original manufacturer [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a low heat input pulsed microbonding process that uses high-energy density and short duration of electrical pulses, typically ranging from a few microseconds to milliseconds, to deposit the electrode material onto the component's surface. It appears to be a very interesting and economic solution for the restoration and refurbishment of worn or damaged high-valued parts, especially those materials ordinarily considered poorweldable by conventional repairing processes [2,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repairing 2024 Aluminum Alloy via Electrospark Deposition Process: A Feasibility Study

Renna

Leo

Casalino

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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e electrospark deposition (ESD) technique has been studied as a potential method to repair locally damaged 2024 rolled sheets supplied in natural-aged (T4) and artificial-aged (T6) conditions. e 2024-T4 and 2024-T6 tensile samples were first notched, and then the notches were filled (repaired) by ESD with the same aluminum alloy. e effect of process parameters on the microstructure of the filling material and the substrate properties was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile and hardness tests were performed. e tensile test showed that T4 and T6 as-repaired specimens had low tensile properties, which was due to defectiveness and residual stress caused by high cooling rate during reparation. However, the asrepaired specimens were heat-treated at either 135°C or 190°C to improve the mechanical properties. A better yield strength was observed for the T4 heat-treated alloy. e ductility and ultimate tensile strength did not change, being mainly affected by voids and microcracks.

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“…Laser cladding has proved efficient in the fusion of a powder on a substrate and the laser energy melts the cladding material forming an excellent chemical and metallurgical bond with the substrate [15,16]. This process allows for a layer by layer coating building on titanium substrates and may prevent unwanted phase changes in the titanium due to its limited heat affected zone and low dilution ratio [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process allows for a layer by layer coating building on titanium substrates and may prevent unwanted phase changes in the titanium due to its limited heat affected zone and low dilution ratio [11]. During the laser cladding process, microstructure of the coating and the interface between the coating and the substrate has attracted greatest interest [16,17]. Therefore, laser parameters were optimized to synthesize a crack-free coating on titanium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%